耕作制度和土壤耕作方式对典型黑土春小麦有效水分储量的影响

S. Tanchyk, O. Dudka, O. Pavlov, A. Babenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

乌克兰和外国科学家进行的大量研究表明,任何作物获得稳定产量的限制因素之一是土壤中可用水分的储量,特别是在植物生长的关键时期。本文介绍了工业(对照)、生态和生物三种耕作制度和四种初级土壤耕作方式(对照)20-22 cm耕作、20-22 cm耕作、10-12 cm耕作、6-8 cm耕作)对春小麦土壤生产水分储量的影响。研究发现,生物耕作与凿子耕作相结合,小麦播期每米土壤水分储量最高,可在2018 - 199.1 mm、2019 - 179.6 mm和2020 - 159.9 mm积累土壤有效水分。在所有年份的观察中,将凿子耕作与工业和有机耕作系统相结合,也比这些系统的耕作组合和圆盘选择提供了优势。在生长季节,在所有研究的农业系统的背景下,使用凿和盘提供了土壤中最高的有效水分储备。然而,最佳选择应考虑生态耕作系统与凿凿20-22 cm相结合,其中,2018年开花期水分为74.0 mm, 2019年为93.7 mm, 2020年为90.9 mm,收获期培养指标分别为61.0 mm, 67.7 mm和61.6 mm。该变异春硬粒小麦产量在试验中显著最高,分别为4.6、6.7和5.6 t/ hm2。
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Influence of farming systems and soil tillage on available moisture stocks of typical black soil in spring wheat crops
Numerous studies by Ukrainian and foreign scientists have shown that one of the limiting factors for obtaining a stable yield of any crop is the reserves of available moisture in the soil, especially in critical periods of plant growth. The article presents the results of research on the impact of three farming systems – industrial (control), ecological and biological and four options for primary soil tillage – plowing by 20–22 cm (control), chiseling by 20–22 cm, disking by 10–12 cm, disking for 6–8 cm on the reserves of productive moisture in the soil for growing spring durum wheat. According to research, it is established that the highest moisture reserves in a meter of soil for the period of sowing wheat was obtained by combining the biological farming system and chisel tillage, which allowed to accumulate in 2018 – 199.1 mm, 2019 – 179.6 and 2020 – 159.9 mm of available moisture in the soil. The use of chisel tillage in combination with industrial and organic farming systems also provides an advantage in all years of observations over plowing combinations and both disking options with these systems. During the growing season, against the background of all studied agricultural systems, use of chiseling and disking provided the highest reserves of available moisture in the soil. However, the best option should be considered a combination of ecological farming system with chiseling by 20–22 cm, which provided for the flowering period in 2018 – 74.0 mm of moisture, 2019 – 93.7 and 2020 – 90.9 mm, and for the harvest period culture, these indicators were, respectively, 61.0, 67.7 and 61.6 mm. The grain yield of spring durum wheat in this variant was significantly the highest in the experiment and was, respectively, 4.6, 6.7 and 5.6 t/ha.
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