Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism; a mini-review

Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHT) is a subtype of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) characterized by elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) within the normal range of serum calcium. In traditional PHPT, high serum calcium levels are typically seen, whereas in normocalcemic PHPT, calcium levels are within the normal range. NPHT is often diagnosed incidentally when routine blood tests reveal elevated PTH levels while calcium levels remain normal. The exact prevalence of NPHT is not well established due to variations in diagnostic criteria and inconsistent screening practices. The clinical significance and management of NPHT are still a subject of debate. Some studies suggest that NPHT may have similar long-term complications as traditional PHPT, such as kidney stones, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. However, other research indicates that NPHT may have a more benign course with a lower risk of developing these complications.