耕作制度和土壤耕作对小麦主要害虫的影响

N. Shpyrka, S. Tanchyk, O. Pavlov, A. Babenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

农业集约化带来了许多负面后果,在重视日益增长的粮食增长必要性的情况下,土地资源在积极开发过程中的保护是当今的一个重要问题。世界有机农业实践表明,我们在农作物有害生物治理方面非常有限。增加人工天敌和改变景观来加强生物防治并不是普遍的解决方案,而且效果矛盾。采用常规方法对冬小麦虫群数量进行了监测。该研究在48个样地进行,其中12个变异在2019 - 2021年期间被放置在4个重复中。研究结果表明,农作制度对主要冬小麦害虫的影响显著,能将生态系统控制在经济危害阈值水平。土壤处理方式对稻谷裂腹菌(Schizaphis graminum R.)、整穗菌(Eurygaster integreps P.)和黑腹菌(Oulema melanopus L.)的数量没有影响,而20-22厘米的开刀栽培对奥地利绿僵菌(Anisoplia austraca H.)和小麦单倍蓟马(haplothrip tritici Kurd)的数量有调控作用,多年观察其数量远低于危险水平。当土壤深度为6 ~ 8 cm时,这些害虫的数量显著增加,在2.0 ~ 14.4个/m2之间变化。因此,这一数据表明,在一个生态系统中,冬小麦杀虫处理的效率降低了多样性,而没有因植物被害虫破坏而造成作物损失的风险,并与凿子土壤耕作相结合。
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Influence of farming systems and soil tillage of wheat main pests
The intensification of agriculture has a number of negative consequences, and the conservation of land resources during their active exploitation is an important problem nowadays, paying attention to the ever-growing food increase necessity. The world organic farming practice shows that we are very limited in the agricultural crops pests regulation. Artificial natural enemies increasing and the landscape altering to enhance biological control are not popular solutions and have contradictory efficiency. Monitoring of the winter wheat entomocomplex number was carried out according to conventional methods. It was performed at 48 plots, where 12 variants were placed in 4 replicates during 2019 - 2021. The article contains the research results show that farming systems have a significant impact on the main winter wheat pests, and that they can control the ecological system at the level of the economic harm threshold. The way the soil was treated did not change the number of Schizaphis graminum R., Eurygaster integriceps P., and Oulema melanopus L., while chisel cultivation of 20–22 centimeters provided regulation of Anisoplia austriaca H. and Haplothrips tritici Kurd number way more below the dangerous level for years of observation. Whenever the soil was treated to a depth of 6-8 centimeters, the number of these pests increased significantly and varied from 2.0 ind./m2 to 14.4 ind./m2. Therefore, this data shows the efficiency of insecticidal winter wheat treatments multiplicity reduction in an ecological system without the risk of crop loss due to the plant damaged by pests in combination with chisel soil cultivation.
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