天然气作为可再生天然气运输的门户

Eugenia Sillero Maté, C. García, Paloma Martínez Ramos, Elena Calvo
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摘要

在欧洲许多国家,生物甲烷的流动性已经成为现实,而在其他国家,这只是一个开始。生物甲烷是一种绿色清洁的燃料,它是从城市废物、污水和农业、牲畜和森林残留物中存在的有机物进行厌氧分解产生的沼气中获得的。为了产生生物甲烷,沼气要经历一个被称为升级的过程。这是一个消除二氧化碳等不同成分的过程,这些成分可以用来获得合成天然气。生物甲烷与天然气完全相容;它可以注入管道电网或直接用作车辆的燃料,产生零二氧化碳平衡,甚至是负的,这取决于它源自的残留物的类型。生物甲烷是脱碳运输的真正解决方案。然而,实施这一解决办法主要取决于公共政策以及国家和欧洲一级的承诺。本章将分析生物甲烷生产的脉冲模型及其作为运输部门燃料的使用。此外,还将研究开发出由市场支配的产品,在没有公众支持的情况下,是否有可能开发该市场。
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Natural Gas as a Gateway for Renewable Gas in Transport
Mobility with biomethane is already a reality in many countries in Europe, while in others it is just the beginning. Biomethane is a green and clean fuel which is obtained from the biogas produced by the anaerobic decomposition of the organic matter present in urban waste, sewage water and agricultural, livestock and forest residues. To generate biomethane, the biogas undergoes a process called upgrading. It is a process of elimination of different components such as CO 2 , which can be used to obtain synthetic natural gas. Biomethane is perfectly compat-ible with natural gas; it can be injected in the pipeline grid or used directly as fuel in a vehicle, generating a null CO 2 balance or even negative depending on the type of residue it originated from. Biomethane represents a real solution to decarbonise transport. However, applying this solution depends mainly on public policies and the commitment at national and European level. This chapter will analyse the impulse models for the production of biomethane and its use as fuel for the transport sector. In addition, it will assess whether the development of this market would be possible without public support by creating a product ruled exclusively by the market.
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