成人口吃的词汇选择研究

A. Lee, G. O'Beirne, M. Robb
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摘要

背景与目的:口吃者(PWS)能够预料到口吃的时刻。我们希望探索在单字对抗命名任务中,这种预期是否可以通过不寻常的单词选择和/或延迟的单词生成来反映。方法:9名PWS和9名年龄和性别匹配的流利对照完成了单字对抗命名任务。各组被试在单词查找和流畅性错误、反应延迟和命名准确性方面进行了比较,并以一种新的“寻常性”标准来衡量。对响应精度和延迟进行了回归建模。结果:各组在命名任务表现上没有差异,除了PWS组的反应延迟错误频率更高。对于这两组人来说,包含找词或流利性错误的回答更有可能是不常用的名字,而这些回答比准确的回答延迟更长。对于PWS,延迟与参与者年龄正相关,准确性与口吃严重程度负相关。结论:研究结果提供了对词替代作为一种普遍行为,其功能和相关的时间成本的见解。群体特定关系意味着PWS对不断变化的需求和能力更敏感,并突出了身体口吃行为和言语回避之间相互作用的复杂性。
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An exploration of lexical selection in adults who stutter
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: People who stutter (PWS) are able to anticipate a moment of stuttering. We wished to explore whether this anticipation might be reflected by either unusual word choice and/or delayed word production during a single-word confrontation naming task. METHOD: Nine PWS and nine age- and sex-matched fluent controls completed the single-word confrontation-naming task. Groups were compared on numbers of word-finding and fluency errors, response latency, and naming accuracy, measured against a novel ‘usuality’ criterion. Regression modelling of response accuracy and latency was conducted. RESULTS: The groups did not differ on naming task performance, except for a greater frequency of response latency errors in the PWS group. For both groups, responses containing word-finding or fluency errors were more likely to be non-usual names, and these were associated with longer latencies than accurate responses. For PWS, latency was positively related to participant age, and accuracy inversely related to stuttering severity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide insights into word substitution as a generalized behaviour, its function, and associated time-cost. Group-specific relationships imply greater sensitivity in PWS to changing demands and capacities, and highlight the complexity of interactions between physical stuttering behaviour and verbal avoidance.
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