Antimicrobial Activity and Bio-active compounds analysis in Ethanolic plant extracts of Punica Grantanum (Pomegranate) using GC-MS

Medicinal plants are considered a bountiful origin of antimicrobial compounds. Punica granatum commonly known as pomegranate has developed as a medicinal plant with a possibility of antimicrobial activity. So, this study aimed to First:-Extract the antimicrobial components from Pomegranate peel by 95% ethanol and then determine their in vitro effects against some clinical pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The clinical isolates were obtained from the National Research Center in Dokki, and Intensive Care Units (Ismailia), Suez Canal University Hospital. Second: - Study the chemical composition of the peel extract by GC –MS chromatogram (Phytochemical analysis). By using the diffusion agar method, Punica granatum ethanolic extract used with different concentrations (10, 20, 30,40) mg/well against the studied pathogenic bacteria and fungi. These different concentrations were highly active against pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213 and Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC13883. However, not active against the pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans ATCC10231, and Candida pelliculosa MH248066. Different concentrations of Punica granatum ethanolic extract (200,400,600.800) mg/well gave marked inhibition against all the tested fungal species. The zone of inhibition was compared with different standard antimicrobial agents as Streptomycin and Rifampin for bacteria, Amphotericin B and fluconazole for fungi as a positive control. Forty bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the Ethanolic extract of Punica Granatum by GC-MS method based on the peak area, molecular weight and retention time. Among forty compounds identified, only fourteen were reported to have biological activities. Our results indicate that Punica granatum contains various bioactive components