2010 - 2021年彼尔姆地区急性泌尿生殖道淋球菌感染流行病学特征

D. A. Oborin
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摘要

背景。据世卫组织称,世界上每年有6000多万人感染淋球菌病。最近,俄罗斯淋病发病率有所下降,但除了淋病奈瑟菌外,其他微生物也可能参与急性尿道炎的发展。然而,没有他们发病的记录。目的分析2010-2021年彼尔姆地区生殖器淋球菌感染和尿道非特异性炎症性疾病的流行病学情况。材料和方法。对彼尔姆地区患者的淋球菌感染和泌尿生殖道非特异性炎症性疾病的发病率进行了回顾性比较分析。采用每年公布的官方统计数据。生殖系统非特异性炎症性疾病的发病率数据来源于彼尔姆市三家诊所的门诊病历,采用了流行病学和统计学的信息处理方法。采用Pearson系数进行相关分析。彼尔姆地区人口中生殖器淋球菌感染发生率的长期动态表现为明显的下降趋势。然而,近年来,女性和男性生殖道感染的人数有所增加。淋病奈瑟菌感染发生率的下降最有可能是由于当淋病奈瑟菌的特性发生变化时,实验室诊断变得明显更加困难,并经常导致假阴性结果。此外,条件致病性微生物的培养、形态和生化特性的高度多态性进一步增加了分离菌株鉴定的复杂性。结果显示,在生殖系统淋球菌感染发病率下降的背景下,生殖道非特异性炎症性疾病的发病率却有所增加。淋球菌感染和泌尿生殖道流行过程的特殊性,以及这些条件的实验室诊断的复杂性,导致它们不能及时发现。
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Features of the epidemiological situation with acute urogenital gonococcal infection in the Perm Region for the period from 2010 to 2021
Background. According to WHO, more than 60 million people get sick with gonococcal infection every year in the world. Recently, there has been a decrease in the incidence of gonorrhea in Russia, but in addition to N.gonorrhoeae, other microorganisms may also take part in the development of acute urethritis. However, there is no record of morbidity for them.Aim. To analyze the epidemiological situation of the incidence of аcute genital gonococcal infection and urethral nonspecific inflammatory diseases in the Perm Region for the period 2010-2021.Material and Methods. A comparative retrospective analysis of the incidence of аcute genital gonococcal infection and urogenital tract nonspecific inflammatory diseases among patients of the Perm Region was carried out. The annually published data of official statistics were used. The data on the incidence of genital tract nonspecific inflammatory diseases were obtained from outpatient patient records of three clinics in the city of Perm. Epidemiological and statistical methods of information processing are used in the work. The Pearson coefficient was used for correlation analysis.Results. The long-term dynamics of the incidence of аcute genital gonococcal infection among the population of the Perm Region was characterized by a pronounced downward trend. However, in recent years there has been an increase in the number of genital tract infections in women and men. The decrease in the incidence of аcute genital gonococcal infection is most likely due to the fact that when the properties of N. gonorrhoeae change, laboratory diagnosis becomes significantly more difficult and often leads to false negative results. In addition, the high polymorphism of cultural, morphological and biochemical properties of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms further complicates the identification stage of the isolated strains.Conclusion. As a result, against the background of a decrease in the incidence of аcute genital gonococcal infection, an increase in the incidence of genital tract nonspecific inflammatory diseases was revealed. The peculiarities of the epidemic process of аcute genital gonococcal infection and urogenital tract, as well as the complexity of laboratory diagnostics of these conditions cause their untimely detection.
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