{"title":"Variability of Hepatitis B Genotypes among HIV Infected Individuals in Kenya","authors":"Lel Rency, Kageha Sheila, Olungae Dama, Maiyo Alex, Muasya Timothy, Kinyua Joyceline, Raphael Lihana, Chege Judy, L. Nancy, Kanyara Lucy, Joseph Mwangi","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510315
Anchau Zainab Garba, Suleiman Ahmad Babangida, Olonitola O. Stephen, Kwanashie Clara, Zainab Garba, Anchau
Human Cytomegalovirus is one of the most common cause of congenital viral infections. The study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus among women of child-bearing age attending selected hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 228 blood samples were obtained from the women and processed serologically using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In addition, structured questionnaire was used to determine socio-demographic and risk factors associated with Human Cytomegalovirus infection. Out of the 228 women, 215 (94.3%) were positive for anti-CMV IgM. The highest seroprevalence was observed among women belonging to age group 15-24 (98.8%), those with secondary level of education (98%), those living in the urban areas (95%), the civil servants (100%), the married (94.2%) and those of medium socioeconomic status (94.9%). A statistical significant difference was observed between the age groups only (p = 0.000). With respect to risk factors, female patients; with no sex partners (100%), with history of blood transfusion (96.7%), who do not wash their hands with soap after changing baby’s diaper (95.5%), who wash their hands after contact with children’s urine (94.7%) and those in close contact with children had highest seroprevalence (94.4%). No statistical significant association was observed between Human Cytomegalovirus infection and the risk factors considered. Female patients should be educated on the transmission routes as well as preventive measures of Human cytomegalovirus infections.
{"title":"Seropositivity of Anti-CMV IgM Antibody among Women of Child-Bearing Age Attending Selected Hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"Anchau Zainab Garba, Suleiman Ahmad Babangida, Olonitola O. Stephen, Kwanashie Clara, Zainab Garba, Anchau","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510315","url":null,"abstract":"Human Cytomegalovirus is one of the most common cause of congenital viral infections. The study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus among women of child-bearing age attending selected hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 228 blood samples were obtained from the women and processed serologically using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In addition, structured questionnaire was used to determine socio-demographic and risk factors associated with Human Cytomegalovirus infection. Out of the 228 women, 215 (94.3%) were positive for anti-CMV IgM. The highest seroprevalence was observed among women belonging to age group 15-24 (98.8%), those with secondary level of education (98%), those living in the urban areas (95%), the civil servants (100%), the married (94.2%) and those of medium socioeconomic status (94.9%). A statistical significant difference was observed between the age groups only (p = 0.000). With respect to risk factors, female patients; with no sex partners (100%), with history of blood transfusion (96.7%), who do not wash their hands with soap after changing baby’s diaper (95.5%), who wash their hands after contact with children’s urine (94.7%) and those in close contact with children had highest seroprevalence (94.4%). No statistical significant association was observed between Human Cytomegalovirus infection and the risk factors considered. Female patients should be educated on the transmission routes as well as preventive measures of Human cytomegalovirus infections.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510317
Majawa Research ArticleClara A., Katakweba Abdul A.S., Madoshi Pb, Mhamphi Ginethon G., Lupindu Athumani M.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Risk Factors of Acquiring Leptospirosis and Other Rodent-Borne Diseases in Kibondo and Kakonko Districts, Kigoma, Tanzania","authors":"Majawa Research ArticleClara A., Katakweba Abdul A.S., Madoshi Pb, Mhamphi Ginethon G., Lupindu Athumani M.","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antimalarial Health Seekers' Preferences and Perceptions: Insights from Ghana","authors":"Wilmot Dennis, Asare Kwame Kumi, Opoku Yeboah Kwaku","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Survey on Protective Behavioral Practices against Coronavirus Disease 2019 among Health Workers in Sierra Leone, 2020","authors":"Kamara Kadijatu N., Elduma Adel Hussein, Gebru Gebrekrstos Negash","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139307961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (cVDPV), is a genetic mutation of the Sabin virus. Sierra Leone reported its last case of wild polio virus in 2010. However, in December 2020, the national disease surveillance program was notified of three people with acute flaccid paralysis who had cVDPV2. We investigated to identify the source, determine the magnitude of the outbreak and risk factors.
{"title":"Investigation of Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus Type 2 Outbreak, Sierra Leone, December 2020: Lessons from the First Three Cases","authors":"Gebru Gebrekrstos Negash, Sheriff Amara Alhaji, Elduma Adel Hussein","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510309","url":null,"abstract":"Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (cVDPV), is a genetic mutation of the Sabin virus. Sierra Leone reported its last case of wild polio virus in 2010. However, in December 2020, the national disease surveillance program was notified of three people with acute flaccid paralysis who had cVDPV2. We investigated to identify the source, determine the magnitude of the outbreak and risk factors.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136277230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510310
Rumide Tolulope Sharon, Samuel Elohor, Oni Oluwabusola
Anthrax is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease that is attributed to the aerobic, rod-like Gram-positive bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. This disease primarily affects domestic and wild herbivores through the consumption of vegetation, water or soil and inhalation of air or dust contaminated with highly resistant B. anthracis spores. Humans become infected through inhalation, ingestion of animal and animal products, injection of hard drugs and cutaneous routes through contact with infected animals or carcasses. The outbreak of anthrax frequently occurs in regions with high levels of agricultural practices, including Africa and Asia.
{"title":"Anthrax Outbreak in Nigeria: An Issue for Concern?","authors":"Rumide Tolulope Sharon, Samuel Elohor, Oni Oluwabusola","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510310","url":null,"abstract":"Anthrax is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease that is attributed to the aerobic, rod-like Gram-positive bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. This disease primarily affects domestic and wild herbivores through the consumption of vegetation, water or soil and inhalation of air or dust contaminated with highly resistant B. anthracis spores. Humans become infected through inhalation, ingestion of animal and animal products, injection of hard drugs and cutaneous routes through contact with infected animals or carcasses. The outbreak of anthrax frequently occurs in regions with high levels of agricultural practices, including Africa and Asia.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135131359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510308
Mehndiratta Man Mohan, Upadhyaya Renuka, Agarwal Vasundhra, Vegda Monalisa
Rabies, a negative strand RNA virus belonging to the genus Lyssavirus has existed since hundreds of years. Available historical texts called it 'an ancient curse'. From Aristotle in fourth century BC to present day, rabies virus has existed in various species of animals. Modern day molecular epidemiology has proven the evolving nature of the virus. The virus showcases considerable genetic plasticity and hence it still exists as a tangible threat in the 21st century.
{"title":"'Don't Let the Problem go Unheard. Let's Get Rid of Rabies' - A Review of the Past, Present and Future Perspective of Rabies","authors":"Mehndiratta Man Mohan, Upadhyaya Renuka, Agarwal Vasundhra, Vegda Monalisa","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510308","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies, a negative strand RNA virus belonging to the genus Lyssavirus has existed since hundreds of years. Available historical texts called it 'an ancient curse'. From Aristotle in fourth century BC to present day, rabies virus has existed in various species of animals. Modern day molecular epidemiology has proven the evolving nature of the virus. The virus showcases considerable genetic plasticity and hence it still exists as a tangible threat in the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135991844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510307
Garcon Iliedor
For more than two decades, tuberculosis (TB) has ranked second among the top killers of infectious diseases, with an estimated 10.4 million incident cases in 2018. Demographic characteristics and drug susceptibility influence TB incidence worldwide. Using a retrospective cohort design, the purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate whether race/ethnicity, age, sex (gender), therapy completion within one year (COT), and testing for isoniazid and rifampin susceptibility (TIRS) were predictors of 672 cases of TB in New York-Newark-Jersey City from 1993 to 2017.
{"title":"Impact of Demographic Characteristics and Therapy on Tuberculosis Incident Cases","authors":"Garcon Iliedor","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510307","url":null,"abstract":"For more than two decades, tuberculosis (TB) has ranked second among the top killers of infectious diseases, with an estimated 10.4 million incident cases in 2018. Demographic characteristics and drug susceptibility influence TB incidence worldwide. Using a retrospective cohort design, the purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate whether race/ethnicity, age, sex (gender), therapy completion within one year (COT), and testing for isoniazid and rifampin susceptibility (TIRS) were predictors of 672 cases of TB in New York-Newark-Jersey City from 1993 to 2017.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510305
Qasmieh Samah, Ataessien Joelle, House Monique, Zegar Shakib, Brown Tuiana, Davidson Ryan
Objective: Ceftaroline is a fifth-generation cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is a clinically distinct feature for a member of this class. Cephalosporins have previously been associated with neutropenia, a serious hematologic condition with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) falling below 1500-1800 cells/µL. Since its FDA approval in 2010, ceftaroline has been associated with neutropenia in several studies. In this review, our aim is to examine these reports and evaluate their findings. Data sources: A systematic search was conducted using PubMED, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Keywords utilized in the search were “ceftaroline, or Teflaro, or Zinforo” and “neutropenia.” Study selection: Case reports, case series, observational, and experimental studies in the English language of human participants were included. For inclusion, neutropenia was defined as an ANC of no more than 1800 cells/µL. Studies reporting concurrent exposure to chemotherapy were excluded. Data extraction/synthesis: Search results produced eight published articles that underwent review by the authors. Two case studies and six observational studies highlighted a common theme and outcome: Extended use of ceftaroline with exposure greater than two consecutive weeks is associated with an increased risk of neutropenia. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first review to explore the risk of neutropenia with ceftaroline use. Despite the limited amount of relevant published research, existing results suggest a potential association. Large well-designed observational studies are needed to delineate the impact and implications of this serious adverse event.
{"title":"Risk of Neutropenia with the Use of Ceftaroline: A Review","authors":"Qasmieh Samah, Ataessien Joelle, House Monique, Zegar Shakib, Brown Tuiana, Davidson Ryan","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510305","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Ceftaroline is a fifth-generation cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is a clinically distinct feature for a member of this class. Cephalosporins have previously been associated with neutropenia, a serious hematologic condition with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) falling below 1500-1800 cells/µL. Since its FDA approval in 2010, ceftaroline has been associated with neutropenia in several studies. In this review, our aim is to examine these reports and evaluate their findings. Data sources: A systematic search was conducted using PubMED, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Keywords utilized in the search were “ceftaroline, or Teflaro, or Zinforo” and “neutropenia.” Study selection: Case reports, case series, observational, and experimental studies in the English language of human participants were included. For inclusion, neutropenia was defined as an ANC of no more than 1800 cells/µL. Studies reporting concurrent exposure to chemotherapy were excluded. Data extraction/synthesis: Search results produced eight published articles that underwent review by the authors. Two case studies and six observational studies highlighted a common theme and outcome: Extended use of ceftaroline with exposure greater than two consecutive weeks is associated with an increased risk of neutropenia. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first review to explore the risk of neutropenia with ceftaroline use. Despite the limited amount of relevant published research, existing results suggest a potential association. Large well-designed observational studies are needed to delineate the impact and implications of this serious adverse event.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48227320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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