Most Concern Strains of Coronavirus-2 and Diagnostic Protocol in Iraqi’s Hospitals: A review

Hadeel.k.musafer@uomustansiriyah.ediu.iq BSTRACT The new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus2 is responsible for the current global pandemic. The emergence of covid-19 variants on different continents has caused great concern in global human health. These variants affected many places around the world including China, Europe, U.K., and United States. The most variant of concern is Beta (lineage B.1.351), Epsilon (lineage B.1.429), and Kappa (lineage B.1.617). These variants allowed the virus to become higher transmissible in the population, and undetected because a large number of mutations accumulate in the spike (S) protein, especially within the amino-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD). The consequences of these variants are stimulated high virulence, frequent re-infection, and increased resistance for monoclonal antibodies. In Iraq the diagnosing process starts with a PCR test to confirm the infection, however, if the result comes up negative with persistence symptoms, the PCR need to be followed by CT the most supportive procedure for diagnosing the infection, where the infection is classified into three types depends on symptoms of cystic fibrosis as High confidence, intermediate confidence, and low confidence. The diagnosis procedure infection summaries that all series of diagnostic tests need to be done even if the PCR results are negative.