This study looked at assessing the impact of waste water from a cafeteria in University of Nigeria, Nsukka on soil physicochemical properties and quality marker enzyme activity. Physicochemical analysis of the soil before and after irrigation with the domestic waste water from the cafeteria showed the presence of the following: pH 7.4 and 6.65, conductivity 488 and 792 respectively. Dissolved mineral contents were found in the following order: Cl>Ca>Fe>SO 4 >Mg>Cu>K>Pb>PO 3 while heavy metals of Hg, As and Cd were found at below detectable limit range (BDL) in both the irrigated and non-irrigated soil. Total organic matter (TOM) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents were found at 91.66, 22.05 and 76.85, 179.93 in the various treatments, respectively. BOD 5 of the waste water was found at 5.2mg/ml with initial dissolved oxygen concentrations at 6.2 mg/ml. Dissolved mineral concentrations such as Cl, Ca, Mg, PO 3 , Cu, Fe and SO 4 were found richly in abundance. Heavy metals such as Pb was found in trace quantity were as Cd, As and Hg were found in non-detectable range. TDS, TSS and TS were recorded at 23036, 396.5 and 23433. Analysis of soil enzymes showed the activity of the lipase, urease, peroxidase and catalase with corresponding OD reading of 0.403, 0.611, 0.652 and 0.817 respectively. There was an increase of lipase, urease and peroxidase after the irrigation with the waste with OD of 0.610, 0.677 and 0.712 respectively while catalase activity was reduced.
{"title":"Assessment of Differential Sheer Stress Indices in Agricultural Soil Receiving Cafeteria Effluent","authors":"Chijioke Ezenwelu, Chisom Okeke, Onyeka Udemezue, Ogochukwu Ngwu, Joy Ogana, Emeka Oparaji","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182825","url":null,"abstract":"This study looked at assessing the impact of waste water from a cafeteria in University of Nigeria, Nsukka on soil physicochemical properties and quality marker enzyme activity. Physicochemical analysis of the soil before and after irrigation with the domestic waste water from the cafeteria showed the presence of the following: pH 7.4 and 6.65, conductivity 488 and 792 respectively. Dissolved mineral contents were found in the following order: Cl>Ca>Fe>SO 4 >Mg>Cu>K>Pb>PO 3 while heavy metals of Hg, As and Cd were found at below detectable limit range (BDL) in both the irrigated and non-irrigated soil. Total organic matter (TOM) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents were found at 91.66, 22.05 and 76.85, 179.93 in the various treatments, respectively. BOD 5 of the waste water was found at 5.2mg/ml with initial dissolved oxygen concentrations at 6.2 mg/ml. Dissolved mineral concentrations such as Cl, Ca, Mg, PO 3 , Cu, Fe and SO 4 were found richly in abundance. Heavy metals such as Pb was found in trace quantity were as Cd, As and Hg were found in non-detectable range. TDS, TSS and TS were recorded at 23036, 396.5 and 23433. Analysis of soil enzymes showed the activity of the lipase, urease, peroxidase and catalase with corresponding OD reading of 0.403, 0.611, 0.652 and 0.817 respectively. There was an increase of lipase, urease and peroxidase after the irrigation with the waste with OD of 0.610, 0.677 and 0.712 respectively while catalase activity was reduced.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"37 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182837
Yusra Y. Agha, اشواق القداوی
{"title":"Patients of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Iron Deficiency Anemia.","authors":"Yusra Y. Agha, اشواق القداوی","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182837","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182820
parween Ismail, Lutfia Hassan, Pshtiwan Yousif
One of the most prevalent types of cancer in humans and a well-known cause of mortality is colon cancer. This study aimed to measure the serum levels of UDP glucuronosyltransferase vitamins (B12, B17, C and D) in patients with colon cancer and to determine how these levels affect the course of the disease. The participants in the current study include 45 healthy people (mean age = 62.03±12.3 yrs.) who serve as a comparison group and 65 subjects with subjectively diagnosed colon cancer (mean age = 64.03±12.2 yrs.). The serum UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2B17, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, and Vitamin C levels were among the determined biochemical markers . When colon cancer patients were compared to the control group, UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.0001). In comparison to the control group, the serum Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, and Vitamin C levels in colon cancer patients were all considerably lower (P < 0.0001), P < 0.001, and P< 0.05, respectively). In our investigation, a marker for colon cancer was shown to be an increase in blood UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 and a decrease in vitamin B12
结肠癌是人类最常见的癌症之一，也是众所周知的致死原因。本研究旨在测量结肠癌患者血清中 UDP 葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶维生素（B12、B17、C 和 D）的水平，并确定这些水平如何影响病程。本次研究的参与者包括作为对比组的 45 名健康人（平均年龄为 62.03±12.3 岁）和 65 名主观诊断为结肠癌的受试者（平均年龄为 64.03±12.2 岁）。测定的生化指标包括血清 UDP 葡萄糖醛酸转移酶 2B17、维生素 B12、维生素 D 和维生素 C 水平。与对照组相比，结肠癌患者的 UDP 葡萄糖醛酸转移酶 2B17 水平明显更高（P < 0.0001）。与对照组相比，结肠癌患者的血清维生素 B12、维生素 D 和维生素 C 水平均明显偏低（分别为 P < 0.0001、P < 0.001 和 P < 0.05）。在我们的研究中，结肠癌的标志物是血液中 UDP 葡萄糖醛酸转移酶 2B17 的增加和维生素 B12 的减少。
{"title":"Estimation of the Levels of UDP Glucuronosyltransferase 2 Activity and some Vitamins (B12, B17, C and D) for Patients with Colon Cancer","authors":"parween Ismail, Lutfia Hassan, Pshtiwan Yousif","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182820","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most prevalent types of cancer in humans and a well-known cause of mortality is colon cancer. This study aimed to measure the serum levels of UDP glucuronosyltransferase vitamins (B12, B17, C and D) in patients with colon cancer and to determine how these levels affect the course of the disease. The participants in the current study include 45 healthy people (mean age = 62.03±12.3 yrs.) who serve as a comparison group and 65 subjects with subjectively diagnosed colon cancer (mean age = 64.03±12.2 yrs.). The serum UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2B17, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, and Vitamin C levels were among the determined biochemical markers . When colon cancer patients were compared to the control group, UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.0001). In comparison to the control group, the serum Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, and Vitamin C levels in colon cancer patients were all considerably lower (P < 0.0001), P < 0.001, and P< 0.05, respectively). In our investigation, a marker for colon cancer was shown to be an increase in blood UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 and a decrease in vitamin B12","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182839
Ali I. Yaseen, Laith Najam, Joseph Ndjana Nkoulou, Abbasher Gismelseed
The aim of this study is to measure the radioactivity levels in the soil of the area around Badoosh cement plant, and to evaluate the radiological hazards of radionuclides. We used gamma-spectroscopy with an (HPGe) detector to estimate the specific activities of natural ( 226 Ra, 232 Th, 40 K) and artificial ( 137 Cs) radionuclides in the soil of Badoosh cement plant. The results show that the mean value of specific activity of 226 Ra is (12.78±1.035Bq/kg), and for 232 Th the mean value is (16.142±0.74 Bq/kg), and for 40 K it was (153.903±4.98 Bq/kg), and the mean value for 137 Cs is (0.6351±0.18 Bq/kg). Radiological hazard indices were determined according to the activity concentration of the radionuclides in the area under study. The mean value of radium equivalent (Ra eq ) is (47.719 Bq/kg), while the mean value of absorbed dose (D γ ) is (22.074 nGy/h). The values were measured for the indoor equivalent annual effective dose (AEDE in ) and outdoor equivalent (AEDE out ), the mean value of (AEDE in ) is (108.288 μSv/y), and the mean value of (AEDE out ) is (27.072 μSv/y), and the mean value of the excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) is (94.752 10 -6 ). When measuring the external (H ex ) and internal (H in ) radiological indices, the mean value for (H ex ) is (0.174) and the mean value for (H in ) is (..165). While the mean value for gamma radiation index (I γ ) is (0.349). The mean value of the annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) is (155.306 μSv/y) and the mean value of the ambient dose equivalent rate H*(10) is (29.236 nSv/h). The radiological hazard Indices were within the internationally accepted limits recommended by UNSCEAR; thus, it can be concluded that there are no radiological hazards due to the direct and continuous exposure of radiation on working workers in this cement plant and organisms that live in this region.
这项研究的目的是测量巴多什水泥厂周围地区土壤中的放射性水平，并评估放射性核素的辐射危害。我们使用伽马能谱仪和 HPGe 探测器估算了巴多什水泥厂土壤中天然放射性核素（226 Ra、232 Th、40 K）和人工放射性核素（137 Cs）的比活度。结果显示，226 Ra 的比活度平均值为（12.78±1.035 Bq/kg），232 Th 的比活度平均值为（16.142±0.74 Bq/kg），40 K 的比活度平均值为（153.903±4.98 Bq/kg），137 Cs 的比活度平均值为（0.6351±0.18 Bq/kg）。辐射危害指数是根据研究区域内放射性核素的放射性活度浓度确定的。镭当量（Ra eq）的平均值为（47.719 Bq/kg），吸收剂量（D γ）的平均值为（22.074 nGy/h）。在测量室内等效年有效剂量（AEDE in ）和室外等效年有效剂量（AEDE out ）时，室内等效年有效剂量（AEDE in ）的平均值为（108.288 μSv/y），室外等效年有效剂量（AEDE out ）的平均值为（27.072 μSv/y），超寿命癌症风险（ELCR）的平均值为（94.752 10 -6 ）。在测量体外辐射指数（H ex）和体内辐射指数（H in）时，体外辐射指数（H ex）的平均值为（0.174），体内辐射指数（H in）的平均值为（.165）。伽马辐射指数（I γ）的平均值为（0.349）。年性腺剂量当量（AGDE）的平均值为（155.306 μSv/y），环境剂量当量率 H*(10) 的平均值为（29.236 nSv/h）。放射性危害指数在联合国辐射科委建议的国际公认限值范围内；因此，可以得出结论，该水泥厂的工人和生活在该地区的生物不会因直接和持续暴露于辐射而受到放射性危害。
{"title":"Assessing the Levels of Radioactivity and Evaluating the Radiation Hazards in Soil Samples of Badoosh Cement Plant in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq","authors":"Ali I. Yaseen, Laith Najam, Joseph Ndjana Nkoulou, Abbasher Gismelseed","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182839","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to measure the radioactivity levels in the soil of the area around Badoosh cement plant, and to evaluate the radiological hazards of radionuclides. We used gamma-spectroscopy with an (HPGe) detector to estimate the specific activities of natural ( 226 Ra, 232 Th, 40 K) and artificial ( 137 Cs) radionuclides in the soil of Badoosh cement plant. The results show that the mean value of specific activity of 226 Ra is (12.78±1.035Bq/kg), and for 232 Th the mean value is (16.142±0.74 Bq/kg), and for 40 K it was (153.903±4.98 Bq/kg), and the mean value for 137 Cs is (0.6351±0.18 Bq/kg). Radiological hazard indices were determined according to the activity concentration of the radionuclides in the area under study. The mean value of radium equivalent (Ra eq ) is (47.719 Bq/kg), while the mean value of absorbed dose (D γ ) is (22.074 nGy/h). The values were measured for the indoor equivalent annual effective dose (AEDE in ) and outdoor equivalent (AEDE out ), the mean value of (AEDE in ) is (108.288 μSv/y), and the mean value of (AEDE out ) is (27.072 μSv/y), and the mean value of the excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) is (94.752 10 -6 ). When measuring the external (H ex ) and internal (H in ) radiological indices, the mean value for (H ex ) is (0.174) and the mean value for (H in ) is (..165). While the mean value for gamma radiation index (I γ ) is (0.349). The mean value of the annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) is (155.306 μSv/y) and the mean value of the ambient dose equivalent rate H*(10) is (29.236 nSv/h). The radiological hazard Indices were within the internationally accepted limits recommended by UNSCEAR; thus, it can be concluded that there are no radiological hazards due to the direct and continuous exposure of radiation on working workers in this cement plant and organisms that live in this region.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182838
iman khudhur, B. Al-Taie, Mohammed Allawi
Modern technologies of biotechnology which are involved in modifying the composition of some food ingredients, play an important role in the food industry that stimulates intestinal movement. Focusing on some key genes of significance in the regulation of immunity, growth and nutrient metabolism in different tissues. Also, using fermentation techniques in the food industry is important. Probiotic bacteria especially lactobacillus spp. is continuously developing to modulate the microbiome of the gut, furthermore it can be considered a novel alternative medication for overweight problems and other metabolic deficiencies. Administration of probiotic organisms can modulate the gut microbiota for host health recovery. Fungi and yeasts in particular, and the most prominent of them are Saccharomyces spp. they have an important role in reducing gastrointestinal diseases, and reducing intestinal invasion with harmful fungal species, in addition to their presence in foods that reduce poor digestion to a great extent.
{"title":"Biotechnological Applications in Enhancing the Gut Environment.","authors":"iman khudhur, B. Al-Taie, Mohammed Allawi","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182838","url":null,"abstract":"Modern technologies of biotechnology which are involved in modifying the composition of some food ingredients, play an important role in the food industry that stimulates intestinal movement. Focusing on some key genes of significance in the regulation of immunity, growth and nutrient metabolism in different tissues. Also, using fermentation techniques in the food industry is important. Probiotic bacteria especially lactobacillus spp. is continuously developing to modulate the microbiome of the gut, furthermore it can be considered a novel alternative medication for overweight problems and other metabolic deficiencies. Administration of probiotic organisms can modulate the gut microbiota for host health recovery. Fungi and yeasts in particular, and the most prominent of them are Saccharomyces spp. they have an important role in reducing gastrointestinal diseases, and reducing intestinal invasion with harmful fungal species, in addition to their presence in foods that reduce poor digestion to a great extent.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"104 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182832
I. Alallaf, A. Al-Taee, N. Othman
Carvedilol (CAR) has been estimated by the indirect spectrophotometric method. The suggested method was based on the oxidation of CAR with an excess of potassium per-iodate (KIO 4 ) in the presence of hydrochloric acid, then the unreacted or the excess KIO 4 was bleaching the color of Eriochrome black-T dye (EBT), the absorbance of unreacted EBT has been estimated at wavelength 520 nm (the maximum absorption of EBT). The measured absorbance is directly proportional to the amount of CAR in the solution. All parameters affected of by the oxidation of CAR and bleaching of EBT color have been studied and the optimum conditions have been fixed. The linearity of the method is in the range (0.5 -15.0) μg.ml-1, the molar absorptivity value is equal to 343121 10 4 l.mol -1 .cm -1 , and the Sandell's index value for sensitivity is equal to
卡维地洛（CAR）是用间接分光光度法估算的。所建议的方法是在盐酸存在下，用过量的过碘酸钾（KIO 4）氧化 CAR，然后将未反应的或过量的 KIO 4 漂白 Eriochrome black-T 染料（EBT）的颜色，在波长 520 nm（EBT 的最大吸收）处估算未反应的 EBT 的吸光度。测得的吸光度与溶液中的 CAR 量成正比。对影响 CAR 氧化和 EBT 颜色漂白的所有参数进行了研究，并确定了最佳条件。该方法的线性范围为 (0.5 -15.0) μg.ml-1，摩尔吸收率值等于 343121 10 4 l.mol -1 .cm-1，灵敏度的桑德尔指数值等于
{"title":"Indirect Spectrophotometric Estimation of Carvedilol via Oxidation and Bleaching of Eriochrome Black-T Color in Bulk Drug and Pharmaceutical Preparations","authors":"I. Alallaf, A. Al-Taee, N. Othman","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182832","url":null,"abstract":"Carvedilol (CAR) has been estimated by the indirect spectrophotometric method. The suggested method was based on the oxidation of CAR with an excess of potassium per-iodate (KIO 4 ) in the presence of hydrochloric acid, then the unreacted or the excess KIO 4 was bleaching the color of Eriochrome black-T dye (EBT), the absorbance of unreacted EBT has been estimated at wavelength 520 nm (the maximum absorption of EBT). The measured absorbance is directly proportional to the amount of CAR in the solution. All parameters affected of by the oxidation of CAR and bleaching of EBT color have been studied and the optimum conditions have been fixed. The linearity of the method is in the range (0.5 -15.0) μg.ml-1, the molar absorptivity value is equal to 343121 10 4 l.mol -1 .cm -1 , and the Sandell's index value for sensitivity is equal to","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"32 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182824
Marwa Aljobori, A. AL-Rawi
Proteus mirabilis is the third most prevalent cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), the goal of this study was to see how chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) affected on growth, swarming motility and biofilm formation of Proteus mirabilis , after isolation from patient infected with urinary tract infection and identified with routine methods and confirmed using API system. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) against the clinical strain of Proteus mirabilis was identified. The sub-MIC (CS-NPS) was used to evaluate their inhibitory effect on swarming motility and forming of biofilm. The results showed that the chitosan nanoparticles caused a remarkable inhibition of the two important virulence factors swarming motility and biofilm formation as compared with the control. As well as swarming motility's mean diameter was reduced from 8.5 to 0.5 cm. The clinical strain of Proteus mirabilis developed into a moderate biofilm producer after treatment, with a mean percentage rate of biofilm inhibition of 58%.
本研究的目的是观察壳聚糖纳米颗粒（CS-NPs）如何影响从尿路感染患者体内分离出的奇异变形杆菌（Proteus mirabilis）的生长、蜂拥运动和生物膜形成，这些都是通过常规方法鉴定并使用 API 系统确认的。确定了壳聚糖纳米颗粒（CS-NPs）对奇异变形杆菌临床菌株的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。利用亚 MIC（CS-NPS）来评估其对蜂群运动和生物膜形成的抑制作用。结果表明，与对照组相比，壳聚糖纳米粒子能显著抑制两种重要的致病因子--蜂群运动和生物膜的形成。此外，蜂群运动的平均直径也从 8.5 厘米降至 0.5 厘米。经处理后，奇异变形杆菌的临床菌株发展成为中度生物膜生成者，生物膜抑制率平均为 58%。
{"title":"Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles on Growth, Swarming Motility, and Biofilm Formation in Proteus Mirabilis Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections","authors":"Marwa Aljobori, A. AL-Rawi","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182824","url":null,"abstract":"Proteus mirabilis is the third most prevalent cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), the goal of this study was to see how chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) affected on growth, swarming motility and biofilm formation of Proteus mirabilis , after isolation from patient infected with urinary tract infection and identified with routine methods and confirmed using API system. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) against the clinical strain of Proteus mirabilis was identified. The sub-MIC (CS-NPS) was used to evaluate their inhibitory effect on swarming motility and forming of biofilm. The results showed that the chitosan nanoparticles caused a remarkable inhibition of the two important virulence factors swarming motility and biofilm formation as compared with the control. As well as swarming motility's mean diameter was reduced from 8.5 to 0.5 cm. The clinical strain of Proteus mirabilis developed into a moderate biofilm producer after treatment, with a mean percentage rate of biofilm inhibition of 58%.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182835
Rania Ibraheem, Salim A. Mohammed
This work comprises developing a sensitive and precise spectrophotometric procedure to analyze tetracycline hydrochloride in the bulk and in the drug forms. In this method, p-aminobenzoic acid reagent was diazotized with an equimolar NaNO 2 (sodium nitrite) solution in the existence of HCl (hydrochloric acid) to produce corresponding diazonium salt subsequently coupling with tetracycline hydrochloride in a basic solution of NH 4 OH to produce a yellow azo dye which was water soluble and has a maximum absorption at 422 nm versus a reagent blank. Under optimal conditions, the linearity of Beer's law was estimated to cover the concentration range of 0.25-17.5 µ g/ml with an exceptional determination coefficient (R 2 = 0.9993) and molar absorptivity of 1.66×10 4 l/mol.cm. The calculated values of detection limit (LOD) and quantitation limit (LOQ) were equal to 0.012 and 0.040 µ g/ml, respectively. The values of error percentage and precision (RSD%) ranges were calculated and found in the range of -0.08% to 3.3% and 0.16% to 1.59%, respectively. The stoichiometry of the product was set up to be 1:1 tetracycline hydrochloride: diazotized p-aminobenzoic acid. The mentioned procedure has been utilized successfully to the evaluation of tetracycline hydrochloride in capsules and ointment.
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Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182823
Hiba Khaleel Saeed, E. Alsammak, M. Haddad, Igor Ivanovski
Cyanobacteria is a group of microorganisms that are known to produce a wide range of biologically active metabolites as well as a wide range of cyanotoxins such as anatoxins. In this study, the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that are responsible for bioactive secondary compounds production were genetically identified in the whole genome sequence of Microcoleus sp. HI-ES using antiSMASH 6.0 tool. Moreover, the gene sequence that is responsible for anatoxin production was also identified using both RAST tool and the NCBI database. The results have revealed that Microcoleus sp. HI-ES harbor 10 BGCs responsible for NRPS-like, NRPS, resorcinol, terpenes and T1PKS. The pharmaceutical impacts and the biological activities of these BGCs were also discussed. The anatoxin gene sequences detected in Microcoleus sp. HI-ES genome was closest homology to anatoxin gene sequences in Oscillatoria nigroviridis PCC 7112, Planktothrix agardhii ,
{"title":"Biosynthetic Gene Clusters and Anatoxin-a Detection in a Whole Genome of Microcoleus sp.. HI-ES","authors":"Hiba Khaleel Saeed, E. Alsammak, M. Haddad, Igor Ivanovski","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182823","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria is a group of microorganisms that are known to produce a wide range of biologically active metabolites as well as a wide range of cyanotoxins such as anatoxins. In this study, the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that are responsible for bioactive secondary compounds production were genetically identified in the whole genome sequence of Microcoleus sp. HI-ES using antiSMASH 6.0 tool. Moreover, the gene sequence that is responsible for anatoxin production was also identified using both RAST tool and the NCBI database. The results have revealed that Microcoleus sp. HI-ES harbor 10 BGCs responsible for NRPS-like, NRPS, resorcinol, terpenes and T1PKS. The pharmaceutical impacts and the biological activities of these BGCs were also discussed. The anatoxin gene sequences detected in Microcoleus sp. HI-ES genome was closest homology to anatoxin gene sequences in Oscillatoria nigroviridis PCC 7112, Planktothrix agardhii ,","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182831
Salma Neamah, I. Falih, Salim Albukhaty, Sasikumar P
Alternative medicine and herbal treatment are among the methods inherited by the people of the Middle East. In the current study, we evaluated the chemical composition of the fruit of Capparis spinosa L. ( C. spinosea L.), as well as the antibacterial, and potential inhibitory effects of the dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH). The presence of the active chemicals in the extract was confirmed by phytochemical screening and characterization techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS), ultraviolet (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The outcomes demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and vitamins in the aqueous extract. Moreover, the extract exhibited anti-bacterial activity, especially against gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, the concentrations of the aqueous extract possessed the activity of inhibiting the dehydrogenase enzyme at a concentration of 0.13 mmo l/L. The study concluded that C.spinosea L. fruit aqueous extract contains biologically active compounds that could be used in the inhibition processes of both antibacterial and as well as inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
替代医学和草药治疗是中东人民传承下来的方法之一。在本研究中，我们评估了 Capparis spinosa L. （C. spinosea L.）果实的化学成分，以及抗菌和潜在的脱氢酶（LDH）抑制作用。通过植物化学筛选和表征技术，如气相色谱-质谱分析法（GC-MS）、紫外-可见光谱法（UV-Vis）和红外光谱法（FTIR），确认了提取物中活性化学物质的存在。结果表明，水提取物中含有生物碱、黄酮类、多酚类、单宁酸和维生素。此外，提取物还具有抗菌活性，尤其是对革兰氏阴性菌。相比之下，浓度为 0.13 mmo l/L 的水提取物具有抑制脱氢酶的活性。研究得出结论，C.spinosea L. 果实水提取物含有生物活性化合物，可用于抗菌和抑制乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）。
{"title":"Phytochemical Characteristic Analysis and Biological Activity for Capparis spinosa L. Fruit extract","authors":"Salma Neamah, I. Falih, Salim Albukhaty, Sasikumar P","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182831","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative medicine and herbal treatment are among the methods inherited by the people of the Middle East. In the current study, we evaluated the chemical composition of the fruit of Capparis spinosa L. ( C. spinosea L.), as well as the antibacterial, and potential inhibitory effects of the dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH). The presence of the active chemicals in the extract was confirmed by phytochemical screening and characterization techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS), ultraviolet (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The outcomes demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and vitamins in the aqueous extract. Moreover, the extract exhibited anti-bacterial activity, especially against gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, the concentrations of the aqueous extract possessed the activity of inhibiting the dehydrogenase enzyme at a concentration of 0.13 mmo l/L. The study concluded that C.spinosea L. fruit aqueous extract contains biologically active compounds that could be used in the inhibition processes of both antibacterial and as well as inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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