Risk factors for ischemic stroke in men and women aged 45–74 years

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and primary disability and contributes significantly to the global burden of disease. Identification of individuals at high risk of ischemic stroke (IS) is an important component of disease prevention. The differences between risk factors (RF) for stroke in men and women are not well understood.Objective: to determine the predictive value of RF for the development of IS in men and women aged 45–74 years.Material and methods. The study included 728 patients (380 men and 348 women) aged 45–74 years, including 392 patients (247 men and 145 women) with IS in the carotid artery basin (main group) and 336 patients (133 men and 203 women) with vascular cognitive impairment (comparison group). To build predictive models to assess the impact of RF on the development of IS in men and women, we used the logistic regression method with stepwise exclusion of variables according to the Wald algorithm.Results. The predictive regression model of IS in men includes atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid arteries [odds ratio (OR) 3.571; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.792–7.114], in a predictive regression model in women – diabetes mellitus type 2 (OR 5.074; 95% CI 1.768–14.561) and a history of IS (OR 6.857; 95% CI 1.825–25.762). Other risk factors for the development of IS (atrial fibrillation, history of transient ischemic attack, arterial hypertension stage) affected both men and women.Conclusion. Atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid arteries was found to be a sex-specific prognostic factor for IS in men, and type 2 diabetes mellitus and a history of IS in women.