瓦努阿图塔纳岛上的道德和地方神信仰以及亲社会偏好的程度

IF 3.6 3区 哲学 0 RELIGION Religion Brain & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI:10.1080/2153599X.2021.2006290
Tom Vardy, Q. Atkinson
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引用次数: 2

摘要

瓦努阿图塔纳岛上基督教和土著“Kastom”信仰体系的共存为探索合作与宗教之间的关系提供了难得的机会。在这里,我们使用了宗教信仰和实践、宗教启动和四个版本的独裁者游戏的数据,在两个地点——一个主要是基督教,一个主要是犹太教——来测试一系列假设,这些假设将亲社会行为与对强大的道德之神和不太道德的当地超自然力量的信仰和承诺联系起来。我们发现,相信道德之神更具惩罚性并不能预测对同教者的施舍会增加,但确实预测了对宗教外群体成员的施舍会比对同教者的施舍更多。相信道德的上帝更有回报,预示着对远方的同教者或群体外成员的付出更少。宗教承诺预示着对远方的同教者的奉献,而不是对自己村子里的人的奉献。我们没有发现对当地超自然力量的信仰和承诺对捐赠有任何影响。我们也没有发现宗教启动对捐赠的预期影响。这些发现表明,宗教信仰和亲社会行为之间的关系比目前的理论所能容纳的更为复杂。
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Moralistic and local god beliefs and the extent of prosocial preferences on Tanna Island, Vanuatu
ABSTRACT The co-existence of Christian and indigenous “Kastom” belief systems on Tanna Island, Vanuatu provides a rare opportunity to explore the relationship between cooperation and religion. Here, we use data on religious beliefs and practices, religious priming, and four versions of a dictator game at two sites—one predominantly Christian and one predominantly Kastom—to test a suite of hypotheses linking prosocial behavior to beliefs about and commitment to both a powerful moralistic god and a less morally concerned local supernatural force. We found belief that the moralistic god was more punitive did not predict increased giving towards co-religionists but did predict giving more to a religious outgroup member over a co-religionist. Belief that the moralistic god was more rewarding predicted less giving towards a distant coreligionist or outgroup member. Religious commitment predicted giving to a distant coreligionist over someone from one's own village. We did not find any effect of beliefs about and commitment to less morally-concerned local supernatural forces on giving. We also did not find the predicted effects of religious priming on giving. These findings suggest a more complex relationship between religious beliefs and prosocial behavior than current theory can accommodate.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
13.60%
发文量
93
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