土地价值获取与交通导向开发:印度TOD政策措施的比较研究

S. Kapoor, Dr.Tejwant Singh Brar
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摘要

印度的一些大城市愿意采用和探索各种方法,在其交通站点周围实施以交通为导向的发展(TOD),以扭转目前以汽车为导向的城市化趋势。在新兴中等收入国家实施以发展为基础的土地价值获取(LVC)计划要求了解和适应当地特定的有利宏观条件,如房地产收入增加、对汽车的依赖增加和交通拥堵,这些因素共同促成了中转站或走廊附近土地价值的升值。除了交通投资之外,本文还确定了能够影响基于发展的LVC机制和基于交通站点区域或走廊的TOD投资的与TOD相关的因素和指标。为了达到预期的研究目标,本研究确定了与六个TOD维度直接相关的13个指标,以评估印度各级制定的TOD政策。通过这样做,它将确定新的创新供资机会,以执行和整合缺乏土地使用和过境规划机制,并为印度城市提出缺乏明确框架的土地价值获取战略。研究显示,在大多数印度TOD政策框架中,人口密度,特别是就业密度,街区长度和十字路口强度,充电站,多模式整合和智能应用程序的提供在很大程度上是缺乏的。目前正在进行的TOD政策制定仅限于通过允许高于允许容积率(FAR),提供停车设施及其管理以及允许土地使用组合来增加密度。
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Land Value Capture and Transit Oriented Development (TOD): A Comparative Review of Indian TOD Policies Measures
Several Indian metropolitan cities are willing to adopt and explore various methods to implement transit-oriented development (TOD) around their transit stations to reverse the ongoing trend of automobile-oriented urbanization. Implementation of development-based Land value capture (LVC) schemes in emerging middle-income countries asks to understand and adapt to locally-specific favorable macro conditions such as rising real-estate incomes, increasing automobile dependency, and traffic congestion which all together endow to appreciate land values near transit stations or corridors. This paper identifies enabling TOD linked factors and indicators to measure them besides transit investment that may influence Development-based LVC mechanism and TOD based investment in transit station areas or corridors. To achieve the desired study goal, this study identified 13 indicators directly related with six TOD dimensions to evaluate Indian TOD policies formulated at various levels. By doing so, it will determine new innovative funding opportunities available to implement and integrate lacking land-use and transit planning mechanisms and proposing a land-value capture strategy with lacking a clear framework for Indian cities. The study revealed that population densities, particularly employment densities, length of blocks and intersection intensities, electric charging stations, multimodal integration and smart apps provision are largely lacking in the most Indian TOD policies framed. The current ongoing TOD policy formulation is only limited to increase densification by permitting higher than permissible Floor Area Ratio (FAR), providing parking facility and its management, and allowing land-use mix.
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