如何在水力学研究中建立植被斑块:一个生物对象的水动力生态学视角

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of ecohydraulics Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI:10.1080/24705357.2023.2176375
Loreta Cornacchia, Garance Lapetoule, S. Licci, Hugo Basquin, S. Puijalon
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引用次数: 1

摘要

淡水和沿海生态系统中的植被改变水流,保留沉积物,保护河岸和海岸线免受侵蚀。利用活植被或人工植物模拟物或抽象斑块的数值模型进行水力实验室研究,通常用于量化植被对水流和沉积的影响。然而,植物和斑块特征的选择往往没有斑块尺寸、密度或连续斑块之间的间距的实地观测支持。植物在自然条件下与水槽实验或数值研究之间的差异可能会影响这些发现对自然生态系统的相关性。在本研究中,我们提供了在水力研究中建立真实植被斑块的指导方针。我们收集了四种完全淹没的淡水水生植物的数据,它们可以生长成明确的斑块。我们考虑了三个相关的水平:单个植物(内部斑块),孤立斑块和多个邻近斑块。在植株水平上,我们观察到生物力学性状(杨氏模量、抗弯刚度)的显著差异,导致茎柯西数在85.25 ~ 325.84之间,叶柯西数在163.81 ~ 2003.97之间。在斑块水平上,斑块长度、宽度和高度之间存在显著的相关关系,不同斑块特征之间存在协变。4个物种中有3个物种的斑块大小在不同的采样点之间存在显著差异,表明斑块大小在种内具有较高的可变性。通过提供第一套选择正确和生态相关的植物特征的指南,该数据集旨在提高我们对淹没植被斑块内部和周围发生的复杂过程的理解。
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How to build vegetation patches in hydraulic studies: a hydrodynamic-ecological perspective on a biological object
Abstract Vegetation in freshwater and coastal ecosystems modifies flows, retains sediment, protects banks and shorelines from erosion. Hydraulic laboratory studies with live vegetation or artificial plant mimics, or numerical models with abstracted patches, are often used to quantify the effects of vegetation on water flow and sedimentation. However, the choice of plant and patch characteristics is often not supported by field observations of patch dimensions, density or spacing between consecutive patches. The discrepancy between plants in natural conditions and in flume experiments or numerical studies may affect the relevance of these findings for natural ecosystems. In this study, we provide guidelines for building realistic vegetation patches in hydraulic studies. We collected data on four species of fully submerged freshwater aquatic macrophytes that can grow into well-defined patches. We considered three relevant levels: individual plants (inside patches), isolated patches and multiple neighbouring patches. At the plant level, we observed significant differences in biomechanical traits (Young’s modulus, flexural stiffness), resulting in stem Cauchy numbers ranging from 85.25 to 325.84, and leaf Cauchy numbers from 163.81 to 2003.97. At the patch level, we found significant relationships between patch length, width and height, showing covariation among different patch characteristics. The relationships among patch dimensions differed significantly among sampling sites for three of the four species, suggesting high intraspecific variability in patch sizes. By providing a first set of guidelines for choosing correct and ecologically relevant plant characteristics, this dataset aims to improve our understanding of the complex processes occurring inside and around submerged vegetated patches.
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