公共政策的人类学方法-理论和方法的考虑

Miloš Rašić
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摘要

本文致力于研究一种现象,在英语中被称为公共政策,而在塞尔维亚语中,它使用术语politike或javne politike。公共政策没有普遍的、片面的、直接的定义。然而,作者一致认为,公共政策研究包括对决策过程及其实施结果的研究——无论是现代政府的决策还是其他个人群体、机构等的决策。在现代社会中,公共政策是影响生活所有领域的基本组织概念- -它们是形成社会文化现实的工具。在公共政策的人类学方法中,研究方法和用作信息来源的材料发生了变化。经典的人类学定性研究在这里是不可能的,因为捕捉几个领域的事件是至关重要的。因此,研究人员提出了一种通过?在特定的时间和空间中,当政策实施开始时出现的行为者、机构和话语之间的关系的权力和网络被监测的方法。说到“新”?材料方面,为了研究公共政策,人类学家更多地利用档案材料,利用各种政治文件——法律、战略、建议等。在此基础上,本文旨在提出一种人类学的公共政策研究方法,指出一种不同的公共政策研究方法,并强调这一人类学领域对现代社会的重要性。
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Anthropological approach to public policy - theoretical and methodological consideration
This paper is dedicated to a phenomenon that in English is referred to as public policy, while in Serbian, it uses the term politike or javne politike. There is no universal or one-sided and straightforward definition of public policies. However, the authors agree that public policy research includes the study of decision-making processes and the results of their implementation - whether it is decisions of modern governments or other groups of individuals, institutions, etc. In modern society, public policies are an essential organizational concept that affects all areas of life - they are instruments for shaping socio-cultural reality. In the anthropological approach of public policies, there is a change in the research methodology and the material used as a source of information. Classical anthropological qualitative research is not possible here since it is crucial to capture events in several fields. Therefore, researchers propose a ?studying through? method where the power and networks of relationships between actors, institutions, and discourses in a given time and space, which arise when policy implementation begins, are monitored. When it comes to ?new? material, for the sake of researching public policies, anthropologists turn more to archival material, using various political documents - laws, strategies, recommendations, etc. In line with the above, this paper aims to present an anthropological approach to public policies, point out a different methodology of such research, and emphasize the importance of this anthropological field important for modern society.
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