补充或取代老年保险?基金养老金在法国养老金制度中日益重要

IF 0.4 Q3 LAW Connecticut Insurance Law Journal Pub Date : 2010-08-01 DOI:10.2139/SSRN.1634840
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引用次数: 4

摘要

长期以来,法国养老金体系的特点是对基金养老金的依赖程度非常低,自第二次世界大战以来,基金养老金几乎成了一个禁忌话题。虽然其他国家经常以有资金的职业养恤金计划补充法定养恤金,但在法国,社会伙伴建立了一个以现收现付方式供资的补充养恤金安排的全面网络。这些计划的慷慨以及工会和部分商界对它们的辩护,大大限制了基金养恤金计划的扩大空间。然而,在过去二十年中,这些补充现收现付方案所起的作用发生了重大变化。首先,不同计划内部规则的逐步协调以及它们对欧盟社会保障条例的遵守正在导致它们的准“第一支柱化”。其次,与法定养老金类似,这些计划也经历了逐步缩减,并将提供更低的替代率。因此,养老金储蓄的发展得到了暗中的促进,尽管更多的是在自愿的基础上而不是在强制的基础上。尽管统一了管理有资金的职业和个人养老金计划的监管框架,但获得这些计划的机会仍然主要局限于高技能工人。
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Complementing or Replacing Old Age Insurance? The Growing Importance of Funded Pensions in the French Pension System
The French pension system has for long been characterised by its very low reliance on funded pensions, which have almost become a taboo subject since the Second World War. While other countries have often complemented statutory pensions with funded occupational pension schemes, in France, the social partners have put in place an encompassing network of supplementary pension arrangements financed on a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) basis. The generosity of these schemes and their defence by trade unions and part of the business community has considerably limited the room for expansion of funded pension schemes. However, the role played by these supplementary PAYG schemes has significantly changed over the last two decades. First, the gradual harmonization of rules within the different schemes and their compliance with EU social security regulations are leading to their quasi “first-pillarization”. Second, similar to statutory pensions, these schemes have also undergone gradual retrenchment and will offer reduced replacement rates. As a result, the development of pension savings has been implicitly promoted, although more on a voluntary basis than on a compulsory one. Despite a unification in the regulatory framework governing funded – occupational and personal – pension plans, access to these schemes remains mostly limited to high-skilled workers.
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