Psychological tool/scale development used in scientific quantitative research

Employees’ policy implementation compliance remains a challenge in most developing countries since policy formulation process has been identified to be with gaps not well addressed. The reasons for failure to implement policies include among others domestic political realities, mismatches between the pattern of costs and benefits overtime or limited technical expertise or institutional capacity.1 Stakeholders or policy implementers are never involved during policy formulation hence policy knowledge gaps affects implementation process.2 Factors to be considered for knowledge are purpose of institutions, purpose of policy, theories, mission of organization, procedures of policy formulation, clear practices, and guidelines.8 Participation or involvement of employees in decisionmaking has got two major purposes; to increase employees’ motivation and commitment. The employees’ knowledge and skills are channeled to increase productivity and efficiency in the organization or industry.3 Each institution is expected to develop quality assurance policy which is publically available for purpose of acquaintance.4 Unfortunately some institutions of higher learning have established quality assurance offices without formulating overall institutional policy on quality assurance which should be publically available to employees.5 Policy formulation has to include all stakeholders’ thoughts and it is most importantly taken at higher strategic level in the organization. Its implementation and benefits are seen evident at community level.6