对LPBF技术获得的Ti6Al4V钛合金试样进行后处理的影响

S. Gaiani, Elisa Ferrari, Marica Gozzi, Maria Teresa Di Giovanni, M. Lassinantti Gualtieri, E. Colombini, P. Veronesi
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摘要

在过去的十年中,增材制造技术已经成为制造具有复杂几何形状和减少厚度的原型和组件的最佳解决方案之一。它的应用已经迅速扩展到各个行业,如赛车运动、汽车、航空航天和生物医学。特别是钛合金Ti-6Al-4V,由于其卓越的机械性能、低密度和优异的耐腐蚀性,成为上述所有细分市场中使用增材制造技术生产零件的最受欢迎的材料之一。然而,当使用激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)技术生产部件时,总是需要进行适当的热处理,其主要目的是减少制造过程中通常产生的残余应力。通过增材技术获得的Ti6Al4V部件的后处理已经在文献中进行了广泛的研究,目的是确定最佳的热循环,这可能允许有效降低残余应力并结合适当的显微组织条件。然而,尽管通常的目标是最大化相关的机械性能,但工业生产必须实现一个稳健的过程,即最小化对噪声引起的变化的敏感性。因此,本工作的目的是通过在750-955°C的温度范围内进行不同的热循环来比较几种后处理热处理策略,并研究这些策略如何影响平均力学性能及其方差。然后对处理后的样品进行完整的机械和微观结构表征分析,后者特别侧重于使用XRD技术确定处理样品中存在的典型微观结构。
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Impact of Post-Process Heat Treatments Performed on Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy Specimens Obtained Using LPBF Technology
Additive manufacturing technology has emerged over the past decade as one of the best solutions for building prototypes and components with complex geometries and reduced thicknesses. Its application has rapidly spread to various industries, such as motorsport, automotive, aerospace, and biomedical. In particular, titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, due to its exceptional mechanical properties, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance, turns out to be one of the most popular for the production of parts with additive manufacturing technology across all the market segments listed above. However, when producing components using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology, it is always necessary to perform appropriate heat treatments whose main purpose is to reduce the residual stresses typically generated during the manufacturing process. Post-process heat treatments on Ti6Al4V components obtained by way of additive technology have been extensively studied in the literature, with the aim of identifying optimal thermal cycles, which may allow for the effective reduction of residual stresses combined with proper microstructural conditions. However, despite the usual target of maximizing relevant mechanical properties, it is mandatory for industrial production to achieve a robust process, i.e., minimizing the sensitivity to noise-induced variation. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to compare several post-process heat treatment strategies by performing different thermal cycles in the temperature range of 750–955 °C and investigating how these affect the average mechanical properties and their variance. The treated samples are then analyzed running a complete mechanical and microstructural characterization, and the latter particularly focused on the determination of the typical microstructure present in the treated samples by using the XRD technique.
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