地质构造对肯尼亚恩贡地区地下水分布和流动的影响

J. K. Mulwa, S. J. Gaciri, J. Barongo, N. Opiyo-Akech, G. Kianji
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引用次数: 6

摘要

地下水正日益成为肯尼亚恩贡地区及其周边地区的重要资源。这主要是由于城乡移徙、工业扩张和农业活动造成的人口增加。恩贡地区在肯尼亚内罗毕市以西形成了一个集水区。该地区的地质是由玄武岩、粗面岩、空纹岩和凝灰岩的火山层组成的,上面覆盖着厚厚的粘土层。在雨后,土壤能在很长一段时间内保持水分,这在一定程度上补充了该地区的含水层。玄武岩和粗纤维岩形成良好的含水层,而凝灰岩只有在破裂后才成为含水层。航拍照片所描绘的断层呈南北走向,与大裂谷东部分支的构造格局一致。断层对地下水的影响是双重的。它们是地下水的排水通道,也是该地区的含水层。
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Geological and structural influence on groundwater distribution and flow in Ngong area, Kenya
Groundwater is increasingly becoming an important resource within and around the Ngong area, of Kenya. This is mainly as a result of increase in human population due to rural-urban migration, industrial expansion and farming activities. Ngong area forms a water catchment zone to the west of the city of Nairobi in Kenya. The geology of the area is comprised of volcanic layers of basalts, trachytes, phonolites and tuffs all overlain by thick layers of clay soil. The soil retains water for an extended period of time after the rains and this partly recharges aquifers in the area. Basalts and trachytes form good aquifers whereas tuffs are aquifers only when fractured. Faults delineated from a study of aerial photographs trend in a North-South direction in conformity with the structural pattern of the eastern branch of the Great Rift Valley. The influence of the faults on groundwater is two fold. They act as drainage channels to the flow of groundwater and also as aquifers in the area.
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