A review of hydrogen production from bio-energy, technologies and assessments

Abstract The earth natural carrying capacity is being surpassed, and there is an urgent need to develop new alternatives, notably in regards to energy supplies, carbon dioxide emissions, and nitrogen supplies to the ecosystem. Hydrogen gas, produced from renewable energy by water electrolysis, may serve as a platform molecule for the 21st century low-carbon economy and electrification. The ability to utilise hydrogen metabolic processes is quite diverse, and this offers up a vast array of avenues for innovative biotechnological advancements and applications. A strategy focusing on the major role of hydrogen throughout the production of bio-based foundational element compounds through the hydrocarbon pathway would avoid the inherent low economic value of hydrocarbons in favour of products with greater value. Furthermore, hydrogen could serve as a crucial carbon-neutral source for the manufacture of third-generation proteins while allowing carbon capture and nutritional recovery immediately at the site of emission. Using these methods to deal with the seasonal changes in renewable energy sources makes the use of alternative energy as efficient as possible. The outcomes demonstrated the production technologies of bio-hydrogen is a good way to make renewable hydrogen that is both cost-effective and good for the environment compared to other ways of making hydrogen.