大豆种子凝集素喷施和农药施顶处理对缓生根瘤菌和根际微生物结瘤固氮活性的影响

Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI:10.15407/microbiolj84.06.026
O. Kyrychenko, S. Omelchuk, A. Khrapova
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To study the peculiarities of formation and functioning of soybean-rhizobium symbiosis as well as the nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizosphere microbiota under spraying plants with specific soybean seed lectin on the background of seed treatment with Standak Top and inoculation with nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b on the sowing day in the conditions of pot experiments with soil as a substrate. Methods. Physiological, microbiological, gas chromatography, and statistical methods were used. Results. It was shown that after seed treatment with Standak Top (1.5 L/ton of seeds) on the sowing day, there was observed suppression of the process of nodule formation on the roots in the period of soybean vegetative growth. The nitrogen-fixing activity of the symbiotic system was at the control level, while the functional activity of soil diazotrophs was suppressed (by 1.2—2.2 times). Spraying plants in the phase of two trifoliate leaves (V2) with soybean seed lectin (without pesticide) led to an increase in the total mass of nodules on the plant (by 1.5 and 1.9 times as well as by 2.3 and 2.0 times compared to the control of inoculation in the phase of three trifoliate leaves (V3) and beginning of pod formation (R3), respectively). The increase in the total mass of the symbiotic apparatus on soybean roots in the phases V3 and R3 respectively was by 1.4 and 1.5 times in comparison with seed treatment with Standak Top, and the mass of one nodule was higher by 1.3 and 1.6 times, respectively. Soybean seed lectin led to a signifi cant increase in the actual nitrogenase activity of the soybean-rhizobium symbiosis. It was 2.9 and 1.9 times higher compared to control of inoculation and 2.1 and 1.8 times compared to the variant of inoculation + pesticide in the V3 and R3 phases, respectively. The functional activity of soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms did not change significantly. The use of soybean seed lectin against the background of the seed treatment with Standak Top and inoculation contributed to the stabilization and increase in the rhizobia nodulation ability, the suppression of which was due to the infl uence of such an anthropogenic factor as pesticides. Th ere was observed an increase in the number (by 1.6 and 1.2 times) and mass of root nodules (by 2.2 and 1.5 times and 1.4 and 1.2 times, respectively, compared to the controls of inoculation and inoculation + pesticide). Soybean seed lectin significantly increased the nitrogenase activity of the symbiosis against the background of Standak Top (by 1.9 and 1.6 times and 1.4 and 1.5 times, respectively, in the V3 and R3 phases of soybean ontogenesis) compared to the control of inoculation and inoculation + Standak Top. Conclusions. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using the method of spraying plants with specific lectin as a means of leveling (or mitigating) the negative effect of pesticides used for the seed treatment on the formation and functioning of the symbiosis and rhizosphere diazotrophic microbiota. 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Spraying plants in the phase of two trifoliate leaves (V2) with soybean seed lectin (without pesticide) led to an increase in the total mass of nodules on the plant (by 1.5 and 1.9 times as well as by 2.3 and 2.0 times compared to the control of inoculation in the phase of three trifoliate leaves (V3) and beginning of pod formation (R3), respectively). The increase in the total mass of the symbiotic apparatus on soybean roots in the phases V3 and R3 respectively was by 1.4 and 1.5 times in comparison with seed treatment with Standak Top, and the mass of one nodule was higher by 1.3 and 1.6 times, respectively. Soybean seed lectin led to a signifi cant increase in the actual nitrogenase activity of the soybean-rhizobium symbiosis. It was 2.9 and 1.9 times higher compared to control of inoculation and 2.1 and 1.8 times compared to the variant of inoculation + pesticide in the V3 and R3 phases, respectively. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究的思路是在化学植保产品Standak Top -处理种子的背景下,利用大豆凝集素作为广谱生物活性化合物喷洒大豆植株,以稳定大豆-根瘤菌共生关系的形成和功能,以及根际微生物群的固氮活性一种具有杀真菌和杀虫活性的新型大豆病虫害防治农药。的目标。在土壤为基质的盆栽试验条件下,以Standak Top为种子处理剂,在播种日接种根瘤菌日本慢根瘤菌634b的背景下,喷施大豆种子凝集素,研究大豆与根瘤菌共生的形成和功能特点,以及根际微生物群的固氮活性。方法。采用了生理、微生物、气相色谱和统计学方法。结果。结果表明,播种当天施1.5 L/t Standak Top对大豆营养生长期根系结瘤过程有抑制作用。共生系统的固氮活性处于控制水平,而土壤重氮营养体的功能活性受到抑制(抑制幅度为1.2 ~ 2.2倍)。在三叶期(V2)施用大豆种子凝集素(不施用农药),与三叶期(V3)和豆荚形成初期(R3)接种对照相比,根瘤总质量分别增加了1.5倍和1.9倍,2.3倍和2.0倍。V3期和R3期大豆根系共生器官的总质量分别比Standak Top处理提高了1.4倍和1.5倍,其中单根质量分别提高了1.3倍和1.6倍。大豆种子凝集素显著提高了大豆-根瘤菌共生菌的实际氮酶活性。V3期和R3期分别比接种对照高2.9倍和1.9倍,比接种+农药变异高2.1倍和1.8倍。土壤固氮微生物的功能活性变化不显著。在Standak Top处理和接种的背景下,大豆种子凝集素的使用有助于根瘤菌结瘤能力的稳定和提高,而根瘤菌结瘤能力的抑制是由于农药等人为因素的影响。与接种和接种+农药对照相比,根瘤数量和质量分别增加了2.2和1.5倍和1.4和1.2倍,分别增加了1.6和1.2倍。与接种对照和接种+ Standak Top对照相比,在Standak Top背景下大豆种子凝集素显著提高了共生体的氮酶活性(在大豆个体发生的V3期和R3期分别提高了1.9和1.6倍和1.4和1.5倍)。结论。所获得的结果表明,使用特定凝集素喷洒植物的方法作为一种平衡(或减轻)用于种子处理的农药对共生和根际重氮营养微生物群的形成和功能的负面影响的手段的可能性。这表明,研究植物凝集素在喷施植物中的生物活性,以调节植物细菌系统的形成和功能,以及它们对各种环境或人为胁迫因素的反应,特别是对用于种子处理的化学植物保护产品的影响,具有广阔的前景。
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Realization of Nodulation and Nitrogen-Fixing Activities of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Rhizosphere Microbiota through Seed Treatment with Pesticide Standak Top and Spraying Plants with Soybean Seed Lectin
The idea of the study was to use soybean lectin as a biologically active compound with a broad spectrum of action to spray soybean plants for stabilization of the formation and functioning of the soybean-rhizobium symbiosis as well as the nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizosphere microbiota against the background of seed treatment with chemical plant protection product Standak Top — an innovative pesticide with fungicidal and insecticidal activity for the control of major diseases and pests of soybean plants. Aim. To study the peculiarities of formation and functioning of soybean-rhizobium symbiosis as well as the nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizosphere microbiota under spraying plants with specific soybean seed lectin on the background of seed treatment with Standak Top and inoculation with nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b on the sowing day in the conditions of pot experiments with soil as a substrate. Methods. Physiological, microbiological, gas chromatography, and statistical methods were used. Results. It was shown that after seed treatment with Standak Top (1.5 L/ton of seeds) on the sowing day, there was observed suppression of the process of nodule formation on the roots in the period of soybean vegetative growth. The nitrogen-fixing activity of the symbiotic system was at the control level, while the functional activity of soil diazotrophs was suppressed (by 1.2—2.2 times). Spraying plants in the phase of two trifoliate leaves (V2) with soybean seed lectin (without pesticide) led to an increase in the total mass of nodules on the plant (by 1.5 and 1.9 times as well as by 2.3 and 2.0 times compared to the control of inoculation in the phase of three trifoliate leaves (V3) and beginning of pod formation (R3), respectively). The increase in the total mass of the symbiotic apparatus on soybean roots in the phases V3 and R3 respectively was by 1.4 and 1.5 times in comparison with seed treatment with Standak Top, and the mass of one nodule was higher by 1.3 and 1.6 times, respectively. Soybean seed lectin led to a signifi cant increase in the actual nitrogenase activity of the soybean-rhizobium symbiosis. It was 2.9 and 1.9 times higher compared to control of inoculation and 2.1 and 1.8 times compared to the variant of inoculation + pesticide in the V3 and R3 phases, respectively. The functional activity of soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms did not change significantly. The use of soybean seed lectin against the background of the seed treatment with Standak Top and inoculation contributed to the stabilization and increase in the rhizobia nodulation ability, the suppression of which was due to the infl uence of such an anthropogenic factor as pesticides. Th ere was observed an increase in the number (by 1.6 and 1.2 times) and mass of root nodules (by 2.2 and 1.5 times and 1.4 and 1.2 times, respectively, compared to the controls of inoculation and inoculation + pesticide). Soybean seed lectin significantly increased the nitrogenase activity of the symbiosis against the background of Standak Top (by 1.9 and 1.6 times and 1.4 and 1.5 times, respectively, in the V3 and R3 phases of soybean ontogenesis) compared to the control of inoculation and inoculation + Standak Top. Conclusions. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using the method of spraying plants with specific lectin as a means of leveling (or mitigating) the negative effect of pesticides used for the seed treatment on the formation and functioning of the symbiosis and rhizosphere diazotrophic microbiota. This indicates the prospects of studying the biological activity of phytolectins in spraying plants in order to regulate the formation and functioning of phytobacterial systems, as well as their responses to various environmental or anthropogenic stress factors, in particular, to the effect of chemical plant-protecting products used for the seed treatment.
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Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal
Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
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