基于道德理想的《古兰经》解读:shĀṬibĪ的maqĀṢid al-sharĪ“啊”概念

Wardani Wardani, MA Ghazalah, Mazlan Ibrahim
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对《古兰经》的解释经常受制于对经文的法律方面的探索,而不顾其潜在的伦理基础。被称为maqāṣid al- shari 'ah的伊斯兰教义的目标提供了可以为此发挥作用的伦理判断。不幸的是,它们只是用于法律制定。本文运用法兹鲁尔·拉赫曼的《古兰经》教义中具体法律与道德理想的区分理论。这一视角将用于分析Shāṭibī的maqāṣid的道德维度。本文将论证从这些目标中提取的道德原则可以作为解释《古兰经》的范式。有两种基于道德价值的解释模式可以发展。第一个是伦理-历史解释。这种解读旨在以历史语境为起点,理解古兰经的经文,不仅基于经文背后回应历史情境的背景或原因,而且基于从这些目的中提取的道德信息。第二是伦理语境解释。它是一种解释,旨在通过应用三个相互作用的方面来回应当前的问题;现状,文学语境,以及从这些目的中得出的理想道德范式。
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MORAL IDEAL-BASED QUR`AN INTERPRETATION ACCORDING TO SHĀṬIBĪ’S CONCEPT OF MAQĀṢID AL-SHARĪ’AH
The interpretation of the Qur`an has been frequently subjected to exploring legal aspects of verses, regardless of their underlying ethical bases. The goals of Islamic doctrines called as maqāṣid al-sharī'ah provide ethical judgements that can be functioned for this sake. Unfortunately, they have been applied just for legal formulation. This article employs Fazlur Rahman’s theory of distinction between legal-specific and moral-ideal of Qur`anic doctrines. This perspective will be used to analyze moral dimensions of Shāṭibī’s maqāṣid. In this article, it will be argued that the moral principles extracted from these goals can be functioned as the paradigm for interpreting the Qur`an. There are two models of moral value-based interpretation that can be developed. The first is ethical-historical interpretation. This interpretation aims to understand the verses of the Qur'an in the light of a historical context as the starting point, not only based on background or reason behind the verse that respond the historical situation, but also based on the moral message extracted from these ends. The second is the ethic-contextual interpretation. It is an interpretation that is projected to respond current issues by applying three interacting sides; present situations, the literary context, and the ideal-moral paradigm drawn from these ends.
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