垄断:对消费者的威胁还是政治策略

James S. Rowe
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引用次数: 0

摘要

美国司法部最近宣布对搜索和搜索广告巨头b谷歌提起反垄断诉讼。参考限制竞争和伤害消费者的反竞争行为,司法部试图打破谷歌对搜索市场的控制,因为它的垄断力量对消费者造成了伤害,这是在继续一项确保竞争市场的政策,该政策可以追溯到一个多世纪前西奥多·罗斯福总统和他对托拉斯的讨讨会,特别是约翰·d·洛克菲勒的标准石油垄断。垄断行为有很多种形式,但反对垄断的人都有一个共同的批评,即垄断对经济有害,对个人消费者不公平。他们对这些有害影响的解决方案包括强有力的监管,并向公众提供现成的详细信息,说明美国工业集中的程度。不幸的是,虽然垄断确实有能力通过垄断所拥有的市场力量造成伤害,但同样真实的是,垄断有独特的能力采取有利于国家、经济和消费者的行动。垄断的好处并没有得到很多宣传,因为它没有政治价值,也违背了美国人一个多世纪以来所遵循的思想传统。事实上,世界上10%的上市公司创造了80%的利润,美国100家最大的公司在20年内将其在GDP创造中的份额提高了13个百分点,达到46%,迫切需要更广泛地讨论垄断问题,关注事实,而不是政治话题。本文将提出这样的论点:垄断被过度监管,这对经济和消费者的危害大于帮助。在美国经济中,垄断企业应该受到较少的审查,以更有效地履行其职能。监管机构有其他方法来防范垄断的负面影响,同时允许其产生积极影响。
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Monopolies: A Threat to Consumers or a Political Ploy
The United States Department of Justice recently announced an antitrust lawsuit against the search and search advertising giant, Google. Referencing anticompetitive practices that restrict competition and harm consumers, the DOJ, by attempting to break up Google’s control of the search market due to harm it is inflicting upon consumers as a result of its monopoly power, is continuing a policy of ensuring competitive markets that goes back more than a century to President Theodore Roosevelt and his crusade against trusts, and in particular, John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Monopoly.

Monopolistic behavior can take many forms, but opponents of monopolies, of which there are many, share the common criticism that monopolies are toxic for the economy and commit an injustice against individual consumers. Their solution to these harmful effects includes robust regulation and providing readily available detailed information to the public demonstrating the extent to which industry in the United States is concentrated.

Unfortunately, while it is true that monopolies have the power to cause harm through the market power possessed by monopolies, it is equally true that monopolies are uniquely capable of taking actions that benefit the country, the economy, and consumers. The benefits of monopoly do not receive a lot of publicity because it’s not politically valuable and goes against the traditions of thought to which Americans have been subjected for well over a century. The fact that 10 percent of the world’s public companies generate 80 percent of all profits and the United States’ 100 largest companies have increased their share of GDP creation by 13 percentage points to 46 percent in two decades, it’s urgent to discuss monopolies more expansively and focus on the facts rather than political talking points.1

This paper will make the argument that monopolies are overregulated, which harms the economy and its consumers more so than it helps. Monopolies should be subject to less scrutiny in the U.S. economy to perform their functions more efficiently. Regulators have alternative means of guarding against the negative effects of monopoly while allowing for the positive effects.
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