俄罗斯伏尔加河-卡马水库航道(东欧平原)夏/秋期间帕拉斯海鸥的状况

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Western Birds Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI:10.3390/birds4010004
S. Golubev
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引用次数: 1

摘要

帕拉斯海鸥鱼鱼鱼是一种被列入俄罗斯联邦红皮书恢复物种类别的食鱼食肉动物。这项研究的目的是研究俄罗斯伏尔加-卡马水库航道(通航区)的帕拉斯海鸥的状况,并评估它们在该物种当前分布中的作用。在2020-2022年的夏季和秋季,在伏尔加河和卡马河的11个水库,从R/V Akademik Topchiev的艏甲板上进行了Pallas ' s鸥的计数。样带长度4633.5 km;观测时间为364.3 h。在距船首各方向100 m的固定计数条宽度为200 m的样条上,沿船移动方向进行综合鸟类计数。鸟类通常被固定在30分钟的横断面上。在研究的11个水库中,有7个发现了帕拉斯海鸥,它们的状况在常见和非常罕见之间变化。高尔基水库的种类比切博克萨里、古比雪夫、萨拉托夫和尼日涅卡姆斯克水库丰富。伏尔加格勒和雷宾斯克水库的丰度最低。帕拉斯海鸥每年都在大多数水库出现。结果表明,在伏尔加盆地,在过去的30年里,帕拉斯海鸥的活动范围从该物种在北里海的原始可持续繁殖区域向北扩展了1000多公里。成年个体(占种群年龄组成的83.4%)在扩散过程中起主要作用。高尔基和古比雪夫水库的湖状碎片是该物种稳定存在的最有利的集群。在东欧平原的领土上,伏尔加-卡马水库是重要的,如果不是决定性的,在扩大帕拉斯海鸥的范围向北。
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Status of the Pallas’s Gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus during Summer/Autumn in the Fairway Volga–Kama Reservoirs (East European Plain) in Russia
The Pallas’s Gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus is a fish-eating predator listed in the category of recovering species of the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the research was to study the state of the Pallasʹs Gull in the fairway (navigable zone) of the Volga–Kama reservoirs, in Russia and to assess their role in the current distribution of the species. In the summer and autumn of 2020–2022, at 11 reservoirs of the Volga and Kama rivers, counts of Pallasʹs Gulls were carried out from the bow deck of the R/V Akademik Topchiev. The transect length was 4633.5 km; the duration of observations was 364.3 h. A comprehensive bird count was applied in the direction of the vessel’s movement on transects with a fixed counting strip width of 200 m (100 m in each direction from the bow of the vessel). Birds were usually fixed on 30-min transects. The Pallas’s Gulls were found in 7 of the 11 reservoirs studied, and their status varied between common and very rare. The species was more abundant in the Gorky reservoir than in the Cheboksary, Kuibyshev, Saratov, and Nizhnekamsk reservoirs. The smallest abundance was recorded in the Volgograd and Rybinsk reservoirs. The Pallas’s Gull shows a steady annual presence on most reservoirs. The results indicate that in the Volga Basin, the range of Pallas’s Gull has expanded further north by more than 1000 km over the past 30 years from the species’ original areas of sustainable breeding in the North Caspian. Adult individuals of the Pallasʹs Gull (83.4% of the age composition of the population) play the main role in the dispersal. The most favorable clusters of the stable presence of the species were lake-shaped fragments of the Gorky and Kuibyshev reservoirs. On the territory of the East European Plain, the Volga–Kama reservoirs are important, if not decisive, in expanding the range of Pallas’s Gull to the north.
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Western Birds
Western Birds Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology
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