“氏族”和“家庭”:巴布亚新几内亚万帕人的社会转型

IF 0.4 0 ARCHITECTURE Architectural Histories Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI:10.3390/histories2010002
Bettina Beer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类学家对“氏族”的理解的变化,以及许多社会学家认为构成“核心家庭”的社会关系,是本文的中心。它是基于巴布亚新几内亚东北部说万帕语的人的人种学。在Wampar人中,可以观察到与家庭作为一个突出的社会实体的出现有关的不同的、有时是相互矛盾的转变;然而,所有这些都是基督教化和资本主义的局部影响的结果。名义上的父系氏族(sagaseg),在经历了一段社会意义似乎有所减弱的时期后,再次成为至关重要的社会单位:这是政府要求法定的合并土地集团(ILGs)构成土地使用补偿的唯一法律基础的结果。与此同时,越来越强调核心家庭,这种家庭加上对现代生活方式(及其相关的消费模式)和儿童教育的渴望,已经重新配置了性别分工。伴侣婚姻的理想和核心家庭特有的价值观对社会实践变得更加重要。在一些家庭中,传统的血统观念已经失去了重要性,以至于一些年轻人不再意识到他们的家族成员身份。Wampar男人和女人讨论这些相互冲突的趋势,并争论不同的价值观。哪种观点占上风往往取决于与之对立的人的具体立场。
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‘Clan’ and ‘Family’: Transformations of Sociality among the Wampar, Papua New Guinea
Changes in what anthropologists understand “clan” to refer to, and the social relations that many sociologists think of as constituting a “nuclear family” are at the centre of this article. It is based on ethnography among Wampar speakers in north-eastern Papua New Guinea (PNG). Among the Wampar, different, sometimes conflicting, transitions relevant to the emergence of the family as an accentuated social entity can be observed; yet all are a result of Christianisation and the local effects of capitalism. Nominally patrilineal clans (sagaseg), after a period when they seemed to have a somewhat diminished social significance, are again crucial social units: a result of the government’s requirement that statutory Incorporated Land Groups (ILGs) form the sole legal basis of compensation for land use. At the same time, there has been an increasing emphasis on the nuclear family, which, along with the aspiration for modern lifestyles (and their associated consumption patterns) and education for children, has reconfigured the gendered division of labour. Ideals of companionate marriage and values specific to the nuclear family have become much more critical to social practices. In some families, traditional notions of descent have lost importance to such an extent that some young people are no longer aware of their sagaseg membership. Wampar men and women discuss these conflicting tendencies and argue about the different values that ground them. Which argument prevails often depends on the specific position of the person confronting them.
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Architectural Histories
Architectural Histories ARCHITECTURE-
CiteScore
0.70
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16
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