Cyclosporine A cationic emulsion in patients after conjunctival tumors surgery

Dry eye is a multi-factorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities play etiological roles.” This is an actualized definition of the dry eye disease according to the TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Subcommittee published in 2017.1 Common symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) include dryness, irritation and foreign body sensation, light sensitivity, increased tearing or itching. The pathogenesis of the disease is not clear.2 Reduced lacrimal tear secretion and volume causes tear hyperosmolarity leading to hyperosmolarity of the ocular surface epithelial cells. This stimulates a cascade of inflammatory events which play an important role.3 Mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases promote the activation of immature antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This leads to expansion of autoreactive CD4+ helper T cells followed by self-perpetuating cycle of inflammation.2 Prevalence of the DED is between 5 and 35% according to many published studies depending on diagnostic criteria. Increased prevalence is present in women and older population.4 The severe form of the disease is characterized by persistent and recurrent symptoms that are poorly correlating with the objective clinical findings.5