Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2023.13.00447
Mahmoud R Amer, Hosam A Ibrahim Elzembely
{"title":"Evolution of penetrating keratoplasty: the three eras, a brief historical review","authors":"Mahmoud R Amer, Hosam A Ibrahim Elzembely","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2023.13.00447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2023.13.00447","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-06DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2021.11.00404
Safdar Hussain, A. Batool, S. Akram, Hina Manzoor, Ayesha Arshad
Purpose: To compare the post-op visual quality of spheric and aspheric acrylic yellow tinted intraocular lens following phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Place of study: Al-Majeed Laser Eye Hospital. Methods: Total 60 subjects (aged 40-65years) with age related mature cataracts were included. Data was assembled by non-probability convenient sampling technique at Al-Majeed Laser Eye Hospital. All patients presenting with mature cataract were include in this study without any other pathology and fundus abnormality. Pre and post-operative visual acuity was measured by using standard snellen visual acuity testing chart. For the purpose of accuracy repetitive values were taken for each patient. Post-operative vision was recorded one month followed by phacoemulsification. Comparisons was made between spheric and asphereic acrylic yellow tinted intraocular lens by applying (descriptive) statistics and paired sample t test for the analysis of results. Results: Quality of vision was compared post-operatively after implantation of aspheric hydrophilic acrylic IOL and spheric IOL in posterior chamber under the same phaco surgeon. All subjects after intra ocular implantation had better corrected visual acuity of 6/9 and more improved 6/6. There were found statistically differences in recorded visual acuity with aspheric yellow tinted iol implanation and spheric iol (p = 0.15) between the two types of intra-ocular lens. The mean, standard deviation, t-value found with spheric IOL were.1867, .18889, 2.517 respectively. However, of aspheric hydrophilic acrylic intra-ocular lens mean, standard deviation and t values found .800, .13493 and 2.5493 respectively. There was significant variance in statistics and quality of vision between the two types of lenses. Conclusions: This study concludes that post –operative improvement in quality of vision was better with aspheric hydrophilic yellow tinted lenses than spheric iol implantation. Implanting a foldable aspheric acrylic IOL gave much advantage in visual outcome to pseudophakes by protecting retina from light of shorter wavelength and decrease of chromatic aberration under the photopic circumstances particularly in subjects at hazard of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
{"title":"Comparison of post-op quality of vision of spheric IOL and aspheric hydrophilic acrylic yellow tinted intraocular lens implantation following phacoemulsification cataract surgery","authors":"Safdar Hussain, A. Batool, S. Akram, Hina Manzoor, Ayesha Arshad","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2021.11.00404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2021.11.00404","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To compare the post-op visual quality of spheric and aspheric acrylic yellow tinted intraocular lens following phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Place of study: Al-Majeed Laser Eye Hospital. Methods: Total 60 subjects (aged 40-65years) with age related mature cataracts were included. Data was assembled by non-probability convenient sampling technique at Al-Majeed Laser Eye Hospital. All patients presenting with mature cataract were include in this study without any other pathology and fundus abnormality. Pre and post-operative visual acuity was measured by using standard snellen visual acuity testing chart. For the purpose of accuracy repetitive values were taken for each patient. Post-operative vision was recorded one month followed by phacoemulsification. Comparisons was made between spheric and asphereic acrylic yellow tinted intraocular lens by applying (descriptive) statistics and paired sample t test for the analysis of results. Results: Quality of vision was compared post-operatively after implantation of aspheric hydrophilic acrylic IOL and spheric IOL in posterior chamber under the same phaco surgeon. All subjects after intra ocular implantation had better corrected visual acuity of 6/9 and more improved 6/6. There were found statistically differences in recorded visual acuity with aspheric yellow tinted iol implanation and spheric iol (p = 0.15) between the two types of intra-ocular lens. The mean, standard deviation, t-value found with spheric IOL were.1867, .18889, 2.517 respectively. However, of aspheric hydrophilic acrylic intra-ocular lens mean, standard deviation and t values found .800, .13493 and 2.5493 respectively. There was significant variance in statistics and quality of vision between the two types of lenses. Conclusions: This study concludes that post –operative improvement in quality of vision was better with aspheric hydrophilic yellow tinted lenses than spheric iol implantation. Implanting a foldable aspheric acrylic IOL gave much advantage in visual outcome to pseudophakes by protecting retina from light of shorter wavelength and decrease of chromatic aberration under the photopic circumstances particularly in subjects at hazard of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80376709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-23DOI: 10.15406/AOVS.2021.11.00402
R. Shah
Coats disease is the potential leading cause of blindness which is an idiopathic disorder characterized by progressive deposition of intraretinal or subretinal exudates and abnormal development of retinal vasculatures known as telangiectasia that leads to exudative retinal detachment. The case shows unilateral involvement of the eye and primarily at an early age of 12 years. The cause of the disease is idiopathic and if associated with other genetic disorders emphasizes the deposition of a genetic component. The underlying histopathological problem is thought due to the abnormal permeability of capillary endothelial cells of the retina. The complications of long-standing disease may progress to total retinal detachment, leukocoria, painful Glaucoma and can be hard to differentiate from retinoblastoma. The diagnostic tools are indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, CT scan, and MRI. The treatment depends on the closure of abnormal leaking vessels of the retina which is laser therapy and anti-VEGF at its early stage. The advanced stage requires surgical therapy such as scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy, and anterior vitrectomy for reattachment of the retina or pre retinal membrane. A careful selection therapy showed a 70% improvement in the clinical course of the disease
{"title":"The detection of COAT’s disease at its early stage and management","authors":"R. Shah","doi":"10.15406/AOVS.2021.11.00402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOVS.2021.11.00402","url":null,"abstract":"Coats disease is the potential leading cause of blindness which is an idiopathic disorder characterized by progressive deposition of intraretinal or subretinal exudates and abnormal development of retinal vasculatures known as telangiectasia that leads to exudative retinal detachment. The case shows unilateral involvement of the eye and primarily at an early age of 12 years. The cause of the disease is idiopathic and if associated with other genetic disorders emphasizes the deposition of a genetic component. The underlying histopathological problem is thought due to the abnormal permeability of capillary endothelial cells of the retina. The complications of long-standing disease may progress to total retinal detachment, leukocoria, painful Glaucoma and can be hard to differentiate from retinoblastoma. The diagnostic tools are indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, CT scan, and MRI. The treatment depends on the closure of abnormal leaking vessels of the retina which is laser therapy and anti-VEGF at its early stage. The advanced stage requires surgical therapy such as scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy, and anterior vitrectomy for reattachment of the retina or pre retinal membrane. A careful selection therapy showed a 70% improvement in the clinical course of the disease","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86303699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-25DOI: 10.15406/AOVS.2021.11.00400
Aqsa Batool, Iqra Nehal, A. Riaz, M. Javed, T. Hussain, Abdul Hameed Talpur, Shua Azam
Objective: Glaucoma is a multifaceted eye disease which is classified as physical damage of retinal ganglion cells which may effect in loss of vision and permanent blindness. While physical damage of glaucoma can be clinically evaluated the optic nerve head and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Our objective is to evaluate the mean RNFL thickness in all types of glaucoma. Methodology: This prospective and cross sectional study was conducted in Glaucoma Clinic of Al Ibrahim Eye Hospital (AIEH), Karachi, for the period from May 2019 to October 2019, after ethical approval from Institutional Research Committee. A total of 64 glaucoma patients were chosen by using non-probability purposive sampling technique. The participant comprised, no known eye disease, no visual impairment, IOP below 22 mmHg, and no obvious retinal disease or defect were included while individuals having a history of ocular diseases or pathology with residual visual impairment, retinal diseases, amblyopia, and history of intraocular surgery or laser therapy were excluded from the study. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: 64 patients of both genders with mean age of 55.54±15.58 years. The mean intraocular pressure of right eye and left eye was 16.46±8.06 and 16.75±7.82 mmHg, respectively. The mean RNFL thickness in superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrant of the right eye was measured 68.23±25.44, 66.79±27.50, 51.75±12.58 and 47.73±18.82 microns, respectively while the mean RNFL thickness in superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrant of the left eye was measured 76.01±22.72, 67.42±21.25, 54.37±13.0 and 49.62±11.57 microns, respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness with optical coherence tomography is the best tool for the diagnosis of glaucoma. It has also been observed in our study that frequency of changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was mostly found in primary open angle glaucoma patients
目的:青光眼是一种以视网膜神经节细胞的物理损伤为特征的多面性眼病，可导致视力丧失和永久性失明。而青光眼的物理损伤可从视神经头和乳头周围视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)进行临床评价。我们的目的是评估所有类型青光眼的RNFL平均厚度。方法:经机构研究委员会伦理批准，本前瞻性横断面研究于2019年5月至2019年10月在卡拉奇Al Ibrahim眼科医院(AIEH)青光眼诊所进行。采用非概率目的抽样方法，选取64例青光眼患者。参与者包括:无已知眼病、无视力损害、IOP低于22 mmHg、无明显视网膜疾病或缺陷;有眼病病史或病理伴有残余视力损害、视网膜疾病、弱视、眼内手术或激光治疗史者排除在研究之外。收集的数据使用SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)第20版进行分析。结果:男女64例，平均年龄55.54±15.58岁。右眼、左眼平均眼压分别为16.46±8.06、16.75±7.82 mmHg。右眼上、下、颞、鼻部RNFL平均厚度分别为68.23±25.44、66.79±27.50、51.75±12.58和47.73±18.82 μ m;左眼上、下、颞、鼻部RNFL平均厚度分别为76.01±22.72、67.42±21.25、54.37±13.0和49.62±11.57 μ m。结论:光学相干断层扫描分析视网膜神经纤维层厚度是诊断青光眼的最佳工具。我们的研究也发现，视网膜神经纤维层厚度改变的频率多见于原发性开角型青光眼患者
{"title":"To evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in different types of glaucoma","authors":"Aqsa Batool, Iqra Nehal, A. Riaz, M. Javed, T. Hussain, Abdul Hameed Talpur, Shua Azam","doi":"10.15406/AOVS.2021.11.00400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOVS.2021.11.00400","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Glaucoma is a multifaceted eye disease which is classified as physical damage of retinal ganglion cells which may effect in loss of vision and permanent blindness. While physical damage of glaucoma can be clinically evaluated the optic nerve head and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Our objective is to evaluate the mean RNFL thickness in all types of glaucoma. Methodology: This prospective and cross sectional study was conducted in Glaucoma Clinic of Al Ibrahim Eye Hospital (AIEH), Karachi, for the period from May 2019 to October 2019, after ethical approval from Institutional Research Committee. A total of 64 glaucoma patients were chosen by using non-probability purposive sampling technique. The participant comprised, no known eye disease, no visual impairment, IOP below 22 mmHg, and no obvious retinal disease or defect were included while individuals having a history of ocular diseases or pathology with residual visual impairment, retinal diseases, amblyopia, and history of intraocular surgery or laser therapy were excluded from the study. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: 64 patients of both genders with mean age of 55.54±15.58 years. The mean intraocular pressure of right eye and left eye was 16.46±8.06 and 16.75±7.82 mmHg, respectively. The mean RNFL thickness in superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrant of the right eye was measured 68.23±25.44, 66.79±27.50, 51.75±12.58 and 47.73±18.82 microns, respectively while the mean RNFL thickness in superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrant of the left eye was measured 76.01±22.72, 67.42±21.25, 54.37±13.0 and 49.62±11.57 microns, respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness with optical coherence tomography is the best tool for the diagnosis of glaucoma. It has also been observed in our study that frequency of changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was mostly found in primary open angle glaucoma patients","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"499 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75198161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.15406/AOVS.2021.11.00399
S. Cate, Çağlar Bektaş, B. Turgut
A 45-year-old female patient presented with complaints of blurred vision and metamorphopsia with a duration of two months. Visual acuities were 0.1 in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed bilateral, subretinal, round and yellow-white flecks with scattered localization in the fovea, macula and peripheral retina. Flecks were mostly concentrated in the macula and midperipheral fundus however were rare in the peripheral fundus. In fluorescein angiography, flecks were stained as well-demarcated hyperfluorescent lesions. In optical coherence tomography, there were hump-shaped lesions which have medium degree internal reflectivity at the level of retinal pigment epithelium along with hyporeflective dome-shaped pigment epithelial detachments. No genetic predisposition was found. As a consequence of these findings, the patient was diagnosed with an atypically distributed fleck case with multiple retinal pigment epithelial detachments
{"title":"An atypically distributed fleck case with multiple retinal pigment epithelial detachments","authors":"S. Cate, Çağlar Bektaş, B. Turgut","doi":"10.15406/AOVS.2021.11.00399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOVS.2021.11.00399","url":null,"abstract":"A 45-year-old female patient presented with complaints of blurred vision and metamorphopsia with a duration of two months. Visual acuities were 0.1 in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed bilateral, subretinal, round and yellow-white flecks with scattered localization in the fovea, macula and peripheral retina. Flecks were mostly concentrated in the macula and midperipheral fundus however were rare in the peripheral fundus. In fluorescein angiography, flecks were stained as well-demarcated hyperfluorescent lesions. In optical coherence tomography, there were hump-shaped lesions which have medium degree internal reflectivity at the level of retinal pigment epithelium along with hyporeflective dome-shaped pigment epithelial detachments. No genetic predisposition was found. As a consequence of these findings, the patient was diagnosed with an atypically distributed fleck case with multiple retinal pigment epithelial detachments","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85243345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2021.11.00401
Joana E. Andoh, B. DeBroff
Introduction: The normal blink rate for humans is between 12 and 15 blinks per minute (bpm). Screen use has been associated with decreased blink rate and increased percentage of incomplete blinks, however, little is known about the effects of videogaming on blink rate. The purpose of this study was to assess the blink rate of online livestream video game players. Methods: A total of 30 livestream video gamers across YouTube, Twitch, and Facebook Gaming were selected for this study. Video gamers were characterized by gender and whether or not they were wearing glasses. Blink rate was observed for 5 minutes and defined as a complete closure of the ocular surface. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to determine significance (p<0.05) between variables. All analyses were conducted using RStudio (version 1.3.1056; RStudio, Inc). Results: The study population comprised of 30 video game players (50% men). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) blink rate of the total study population was 14.79 (8.79) bpm. Compared to male gamers, female gamers had a higher mean blink rate, however this was not statistically significant (17.07 vs. 12.51, p=0.16). A total of 3 (10%) video game players wore glasses. The difference in blink rate between video game players wearing and not wearing glasses was not statistically significant (14.07 vs 14.87, p=0.88). Conclusions: The average blink rate of select livestream video game players was observed to be within the range of normal spontaneous blink rates. The observed blink rate between male and female gamers did not differ. More research in controlled environments would help to elucidate the blink rate and patterns of video game players
人类正常的眨眼频率是每分钟12到15次。使用屏幕会降低眨眼频率，增加不完全眨眼的比例，然而，人们对电子游戏对眨眼频率的影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估在线直播视频游戏玩家的眨眼率。方法:本研究共选取了YouTube、Twitch和Facebook游戏平台上的30名直播视频玩家。视频游戏玩家的特征是性别和他们是否戴眼镜。观察眨眼频率5分钟，并将其定义为眼表完全闭合。采用描述性统计和线性回归检验变量间的显著性(p<0.05)。所有分析均使用RStudio(版本1.3.1056;RStudio公司)。结果:研究人群包括30名电子游戏玩家(50%为男性)。研究人群眨眼频率的平均值(标准差[SD])为14.79 (8.79)bpm。与男性玩家相比，女性玩家的平均眨眼率更高，但这在统计学上并不显著(17.07 vs. 12.51, p=0.16)。总共有3名(10%)电子游戏玩家戴眼镜。戴眼镜和不戴眼镜的电子游戏玩家眨眼频率的差异没有统计学意义(14.07 vs 14.87, p=0.88)。结论:所选视频游戏直播玩家的平均眨眼频率在正常自发眨眼频率范围内。观察到的男性和女性玩家的眨眼频率没有差异。在受控环境中进行更多的研究将有助于阐明电子游戏玩家的眨眼频率和模式
{"title":"Assessment of spontaneous eye blink rate in online livestream videogame players","authors":"Joana E. Andoh, B. DeBroff","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2021.11.00401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2021.11.00401","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The normal blink rate for humans is between 12 and 15 blinks per minute (bpm). Screen use has been associated with decreased blink rate and increased percentage of incomplete blinks, however, little is known about the effects of videogaming on blink rate. The purpose of this study was to assess the blink rate of online livestream video game players. Methods: A total of 30 livestream video gamers across YouTube, Twitch, and Facebook Gaming were selected for this study. Video gamers were characterized by gender and whether or not they were wearing glasses. Blink rate was observed for 5 minutes and defined as a complete closure of the ocular surface. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to determine significance (p<0.05) between variables. All analyses were conducted using RStudio (version 1.3.1056; RStudio, Inc). Results: The study population comprised of 30 video game players (50% men). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) blink rate of the total study population was 14.79 (8.79) bpm. Compared to male gamers, female gamers had a higher mean blink rate, however this was not statistically significant (17.07 vs. 12.51, p=0.16). A total of 3 (10%) video game players wore glasses. The difference in blink rate between video game players wearing and not wearing glasses was not statistically significant (14.07 vs 14.87, p=0.88). Conclusions: The average blink rate of select livestream video game players was observed to be within the range of normal spontaneous blink rates. The observed blink rate between male and female gamers did not differ. More research in controlled environments would help to elucidate the blink rate and patterns of video game players","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91237212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-23DOI: 10.15406/AOVS.2020.10.00398
Hina Manzoor, A. Batool, S. Akram, Iqra Khalil, Ammara Affi
Purpose: Purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between Post-op central corneal thickness and steroid-induced ocular hypertension following myopic photorefractive keratectomy. Methods: This longitudinal analytical study was carried on 50 patients, both gender and age ranging from 20-40 years who had undergone myopic PRK refractive surgery. The data collected from The Department of Ophthalmology in Madina Teaching Hospital Faisalabad in the duration of 11 months from July 2019 to May 2020. IOP measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer. Recorded IOP greater than 21mmHg was considered as Ocular hypertension (OHT). The post-Op follow-up was conducted 1 day, 1 week, 2-3 weeks, and 4-6 weeks. The CCT and IOP was evaluated carefully. Data was noted on Performa. Data was analyzed by using Descriptive and Repeated Measures ANOVA by using the latest version 21 of SPSS. Results: Out of 50 patients’ 46% were males and 54% were females. The mean score of CCT pre & post operatively for right eye and left eye was 529.28±34.74 & 462.56±40.20 and 529.18±37.2, 462.44±42.60 respectively. Statistically significant effect was seen on post-op central corneal thickness and steroid induced ocular hypertension, according to the results of repeated measure ANOVA. Thinner corneas were more susceptible to steroids induced OHT. In various post-op central corneal thickness, it was observed that patients with thinner corneal thickness ranges 413±4.24 to 449.33±48.29 in right eye and 455.8±56.42 to 456.83±50.52 are more affected by topical steroids used. Males were more affected than females due to decreased central corneal thickness. Elderly patients were more susceptible to steroid-induced ocular hypertension post-operatively. Conclusion: Post-op steroid induced ocular hypertension is affecting by central corneal thickness. Male and elderly individual are more susceptible to steroid-induced ocular hypertension following myopic PRK. Post-Op use of topical steroids cause ocular hypertension in thinner corneas
{"title":"Relationship between post-op central corneal thickness and steroid-induced ocular hypertension following myopic photorefractive keratectomy","authors":"Hina Manzoor, A. Batool, S. Akram, Iqra Khalil, Ammara Affi","doi":"10.15406/AOVS.2020.10.00398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOVS.2020.10.00398","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between Post-op central corneal thickness and steroid-induced ocular hypertension following myopic photorefractive keratectomy. Methods: This longitudinal analytical study was carried on 50 patients, both gender and age ranging from 20-40 years who had undergone myopic PRK refractive surgery. The data collected from The Department of Ophthalmology in Madina Teaching Hospital Faisalabad in the duration of 11 months from July 2019 to May 2020. IOP measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer. Recorded IOP greater than 21mmHg was considered as Ocular hypertension (OHT). The post-Op follow-up was conducted 1 day, 1 week, 2-3 weeks, and 4-6 weeks. The CCT and IOP was evaluated carefully. Data was noted on Performa. Data was analyzed by using Descriptive and Repeated Measures ANOVA by using the latest version 21 of SPSS. Results: Out of 50 patients’ 46% were males and 54% were females. The mean score of CCT pre & post operatively for right eye and left eye was 529.28±34.74 & 462.56±40.20 and 529.18±37.2, 462.44±42.60 respectively. Statistically significant effect was seen on post-op central corneal thickness and steroid induced ocular hypertension, according to the results of repeated measure ANOVA. Thinner corneas were more susceptible to steroids induced OHT. In various post-op central corneal thickness, it was observed that patients with thinner corneal thickness ranges 413±4.24 to 449.33±48.29 in right eye and 455.8±56.42 to 456.83±50.52 are more affected by topical steroids used. Males were more affected than females due to decreased central corneal thickness. Elderly patients were more susceptible to steroid-induced ocular hypertension post-operatively. Conclusion: Post-op steroid induced ocular hypertension is affecting by central corneal thickness. Male and elderly individual are more susceptible to steroid-induced ocular hypertension following myopic PRK. Post-Op use of topical steroids cause ocular hypertension in thinner corneas","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79699906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.15406/AOVS.2020.10.00396
A. Dhami, N. Dhami, R. Malhi, G. Dhami
Aim: We describe a case of young immunocompetent 18-year-old female patient who presented with sudden painless diminution of vision in left eye with vision of 20/100 on Snellen’s chart. Retinal evaluation showed a massive solitary choroidal granuloma. A positive Mantoux test (20X20 mm) was noted. The patient was started on anti-tubercular therapy and oral steroids and showed resolution of the granuloma with subretinal fluid at macula. After 3 months of oral therapy, the persistent subretinal fluid was managed with intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide(2 mg). This case highlights favorable resolution of granuloma with oral therapy and a safer efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide in treating subretinal fluid due to choroidal tuberculoma with good visual outcome. Introduction: Choroidal tuberculoma is a rare ocular form of tuberculosis (TB) and is a diagnostic and a therapeutic challenge, especially when occurring without other manifestations of the disease.1,2 Involvement of the choroid occurs by direct infection or indirect immune‐mediated hypersensitivity and is the commonest clinical manifestation of intraocular TB.3 The presentation varies from a solitary choroidal granuloma (tuberculoma) to multiple choroidal tubercles, a subretinal abscess or choroiditis. We present a case of an immunocompetent patient, who presents with massive choroidal granuloma and responded to oral antitubercular and steroid therapeutic regimen. Visual acuity improved with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection which resulted in resolution of subretinal fluid after 3 months
{"title":"Managing solitary choroidal tuberculoma in an immunocompetent patient","authors":"A. Dhami, N. Dhami, R. Malhi, G. Dhami","doi":"10.15406/AOVS.2020.10.00396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOVS.2020.10.00396","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: We describe a case of young immunocompetent 18-year-old female patient who presented with sudden painless diminution of vision in left eye with vision of 20/100 on Snellen’s chart. Retinal evaluation showed a massive solitary choroidal granuloma. A positive Mantoux test (20X20 mm) was noted. The patient was started on anti-tubercular therapy and oral steroids and showed resolution of the granuloma with subretinal fluid at macula. After 3 months of oral therapy, the persistent subretinal fluid was managed with intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide(2 mg). This case highlights favorable resolution of granuloma with oral therapy and a safer efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide in treating subretinal fluid due to choroidal tuberculoma with good visual outcome. Introduction: Choroidal tuberculoma is a rare ocular form of tuberculosis (TB) and is a diagnostic and a therapeutic challenge, especially when occurring without other manifestations of the disease.1,2 Involvement of the choroid occurs by direct infection or indirect immune‐mediated hypersensitivity and is the commonest clinical manifestation of intraocular TB.3 The presentation varies from a solitary choroidal granuloma (tuberculoma) to multiple choroidal tubercles, a subretinal abscess or choroiditis. We present a case of an immunocompetent patient, who presents with massive choroidal granuloma and responded to oral antitubercular and steroid therapeutic regimen. Visual acuity improved with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection which resulted in resolution of subretinal fluid after 3 months","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89259141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-05DOI: 10.15406/AOVS.2020.10.00394
G. C. Eze, Nkiru Kizor Akaraiwe, A. A. Chime, C. Anajekwu, Ifeoma N. Asimadu, Chima Edoga, I. Ezegwui
Aim: To determine the prevalence, pattern and impact of colour vision defects among public secondary school students in Enugu, Nigeria with a view to guiding the affected students on appropriate career choice. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among students attending public secondary schools in Enugu-East Local Government Area, Enugu state. A total of 950 students (361 males, 589 females) were selected by multistage sampling. The students were assessed for colour vision using Ishihara 38 plate edition and Farnsworth D-15 colour caps. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data and impact of colour vision on colour-related school tasks and activities of daily living. Data was analysed using statistical package foe social sciences, version 20. Result: The age of the students ranged from 10-20 years with mean age of 14.2 ± 1.9 years. Eleven (1.2%) students were found to have colour vision defect out of whom 9 were boys and 2 were girls, 6 (54.5%) were deutan and 5 (45.5%) were protan. No tritan defect was detected. Greater percentages of the students with colour vision defect had difficulties with colour-related school tasks and daily activities when compared to those with normal colour vision. Conclusion: Colour vision defect may affect students’ performance in colour-related school tasks and activities of daily living. Therefore, early detection of colour vision defect is important so as to guide in the choice of future career
{"title":"Colour vision defect among secondary school students in enugu, Nigeria: prevalence, pattern and impact","authors":"G. C. Eze, Nkiru Kizor Akaraiwe, A. A. Chime, C. Anajekwu, Ifeoma N. Asimadu, Chima Edoga, I. Ezegwui","doi":"10.15406/AOVS.2020.10.00394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOVS.2020.10.00394","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the prevalence, pattern and impact of colour vision defects among public secondary school students in Enugu, Nigeria with a view to guiding the affected students on appropriate career choice. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among students attending public secondary schools in Enugu-East Local Government Area, Enugu state. A total of 950 students (361 males, 589 females) were selected by multistage sampling. The students were assessed for colour vision using Ishihara 38 plate edition and Farnsworth D-15 colour caps. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data and impact of colour vision on colour-related school tasks and activities of daily living. Data was analysed using statistical package foe social sciences, version 20. Result: The age of the students ranged from 10-20 years with mean age of 14.2 ± 1.9 years. Eleven (1.2%) students were found to have colour vision defect out of whom 9 were boys and 2 were girls, 6 (54.5%) were deutan and 5 (45.5%) were protan. No tritan defect was detected. Greater percentages of the students with colour vision defect had difficulties with colour-related school tasks and daily activities when compared to those with normal colour vision. Conclusion: Colour vision defect may affect students’ performance in colour-related school tasks and activities of daily living. Therefore, early detection of colour vision defect is important so as to guide in the choice of future career","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"30 1","pages":"113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78232192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.15406/AOVS.2020.10.00392
A. Opare, L. Abdullahi, D. Minnies, C. Cook, Maylene Shung-King, Grace Mwangi
ackground: The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error among school-age children is on the rise with detrimental effect on academic performance and socio-economic status of those affected. School vision screening programmes appear to be an effective way of identifying children with uncorrected refractive errors so early intervention can be made. Despite the increasing popularity of school vision screening programmes over the past few years, there is a lot of debate on its effectiveness in reducing the proportion of children with uncorrected refractive error in the long term, especially in settings where resources are limited. Some studies argue that school vision screening programmes are effective while other studies have reported otherwise. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of school vision screening programmes in reducing uncorrected refractive error among children in low and middle income countries using evidence from published studies. Methods and findings: A comprehensive and systematic strategy was used to search various databases including PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) which contains the Cochrane Eyes and vision Trial Register, the Cochrane Library, Medline (1980-2018), CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, Web of Science, the WHO’s Library Information System, Africa-Wide and Scopus. The search was restricted to articles published in English. Randomized control trials, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies and cohort studies were included in this review. Participants included school children with refractive error. Full-text review of search results, data extraction and risk of bias assessment was done by two independent reviewers. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach and data were pooled using the random-effect model. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. This review found moderate certainty evidence indicating that school vision screenings may be effective in reducing uncorrected refractive error among school children by 81% (95% CI: 77%; 84%), 24% (95% CI: 13%; 35%) and 20% (95% CI: 18%; 22%) at two, six, and more than six months respectively after its introduction. Results: Results of this review also suggest that school vision screening may be effective in achieving 54% (95% CI: 25%; 100%), 57% (95% CI: 46%; 70%), 37% (95% CI: 26%; 52%), and 32% (95% CI: 14%; 72%) spectacle-wear compliance among school children at less than three months, at three months, at six months and at more than six months respectively after its introduction (low to moderate certainty evidence). This review further found moderate to high certainty evidence indicating that school vision screening, together with provision of spectacles, may be relatively cost effective, safe and has a positive impact on the academic performance of school children. Conclusion: The findings of this review show that school vision screening, together with provision of specta
{"title":"School vision screening programmes in reducing uncorrected refractive error among children in Low and Middle-Income countries-LMIC (systematic review)","authors":"A. Opare, L. Abdullahi, D. Minnies, C. Cook, Maylene Shung-King, Grace Mwangi","doi":"10.15406/AOVS.2020.10.00392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/AOVS.2020.10.00392","url":null,"abstract":"ackground: The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error among school-age children is on the rise with detrimental effect on academic performance and socio-economic status of those affected. School vision screening programmes appear to be an effective way of identifying children with uncorrected refractive errors so early intervention can be made. Despite the increasing popularity of school vision screening programmes over the past few years, there is a lot of debate on its effectiveness in reducing the proportion of children with uncorrected refractive error in the long term, especially in settings where resources are limited. Some studies argue that school vision screening programmes are effective while other studies have reported otherwise. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of school vision screening programmes in reducing uncorrected refractive error among children in low and middle income countries using evidence from published studies. Methods and findings: A comprehensive and systematic strategy was used to search various databases including PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) which contains the Cochrane Eyes and vision Trial Register, the Cochrane Library, Medline (1980-2018), CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, Web of Science, the WHO’s Library Information System, Africa-Wide and Scopus. The search was restricted to articles published in English. Randomized control trials, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies and cohort studies were included in this review. Participants included school children with refractive error. Full-text review of search results, data extraction and risk of bias assessment was done by two independent reviewers. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach and data were pooled using the random-effect model. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. This review found moderate certainty evidence indicating that school vision screenings may be effective in reducing uncorrected refractive error among school children by 81% (95% CI: 77%; 84%), 24% (95% CI: 13%; 35%) and 20% (95% CI: 18%; 22%) at two, six, and more than six months respectively after its introduction. Results: Results of this review also suggest that school vision screening may be effective in achieving 54% (95% CI: 25%; 100%), 57% (95% CI: 46%; 70%), 37% (95% CI: 26%; 52%), and 32% (95% CI: 14%; 72%) spectacle-wear compliance among school children at less than three months, at three months, at six months and at more than six months respectively after its introduction (low to moderate certainty evidence). This review further found moderate to high certainty evidence indicating that school vision screening, together with provision of spectacles, may be relatively cost effective, safe and has a positive impact on the academic performance of school children. Conclusion: The findings of this review show that school vision screening, together with provision of specta","PeriodicalId":90420,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology & visual system","volume":"1990 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82741051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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