A survey on energy efficient routing techniques in WSNs focusing IoT applications and enhancing fog computing paradigm

Standardization and technological advancements have contributed in the development of the IoT. The accessibility of ease IoT gadgets has likewise assumed a key job in facilitating IoT research, improvement, and deployment. IoT is worldview network that permits the virtual existence of physical objects throughout our life. The Internet of Things (IoT) is based on the idea of installing embedded devices in everyday objects. In the mean time, because of the low cost and high accessibility of sensor devices, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have an extraordinary job in overspreading of IoT. To be clear, the function of such systems is completely unpredictable in terms of node heterogeneity and node failure. Continuous advancements in IoT systems have resulted in several of the new protocols designed specifically for sensor networks where energy saving is such a top priority. The routing protocols, on the other hand, have earned the most attention because they might change based on the application and network design. This study examines the most recent routing protocols for sensor networks and developing action plans for the various approaches pursued. One of the potential drawbacks in the IoT is the energy requirement. Furthermore, several directions to extend the network's life expectancy have attracted in an expanding level of attention. Recently, a number of a achievements have emerged. Designing routing protocols is one of the most encouraging of these mechanisms, as demonstrated by the significant amount of energy required for information transmission. This paper begins with a detailed description of the foundation and its associated works. In addition, this study introduces a new routing protocol to increase the energy efficiency of sensor devices in the Internet of Things.