卵巢癌:一种极具挑战性的疾病

Smrita Chaudhury, A. Maheshwari, P. Ray
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引用次数: 3

摘要

卵巢癌是妇女癌症相关死亡的第五大原因,5年生存率仅为30-40%。在卵巢癌的三大亚群中,上皮性卵巢癌是最常见的,并根据组织学和临床行为主要分为五个亚型。在疾病仍局限于卵巢的患者中,90%以上的患者仅手术即可治愈。不幸的是,大多数女性被诊断为晚期疾病,尽管进行了减脂手术和化疗的初步反应,但大多数患者仍会复发。因此,卵巢癌仍然是临床医生面临的一个挑战,由于早期疾病的无症状性和对标准治疗的频繁耐药性,卵巢癌的治疗变得更加复杂。因此,世界各地的研究人员都致力于寻找卵巢癌早期检测的标志物,研究化疗耐药的分子机制,改进检测方法和开发新的治疗措施。在这篇综述中,我们试图讨论与上皮性卵巢癌相关的当代研究和挑战,以及未来在各个领域的改进,如通过多重甲基化特异性PCR (MSP)检测和基因表达序列分析(SAGE)检测早期检测卵巢癌,识别新的生物标志物,通过各种化学反应分析促进个性化化疗方案,新型药物和靶向治疗将有助于提高未来的总体生存率,并克服这种致命的妇科疾病。
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Ovarian cancer: An ever challenging malady
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer related deaths in women with a five year survival rate of only 30–40%. Amongst the three broad subgroups of ovarian cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common and is divided in mainly five subtypes based histology and clinical behaviour. In patients when the disease is still confined to ovaries, surgery alone is curative for more than 90% patients. Unfortunately, most women are diagnosed with advanced stage disease and recurs in majority despite of debulking surgery and initial response to chemotherapy. Thus ovarian cancer is still a challenge to clinicians which gets more complicated due to asymptomatic nature of the early stage disease and frequent development of resistance to standard therapies. Therefore, researchers worldwide are engaged in identifying markers for early detection of ovarian cancer, investigating molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance, improving detection methods and developing novel therapeutic measures. In this review, we attempt to discuss the contemporary research and challenges associated with epithelial ovarian cancer along with the future improvements in various areas such as early detection of ovarian cancer through Multiplex-Methylation specific PCR (MSP) assay and Serial Analysis of Gene expression (SAGE) assay and identifying new biomarkers, facilitating personalised chemotherapy regime by various chemo-response assays, novel drugs and targeted therapies which will aid in enhancing the overall survival rate in future and overcome this deadly gynaecologic disease.
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