不同栽培技术对葡萄质量和数量性状的影响。纳乌萨葡萄园条件下的Xinomavro

M. Stavrakaki, Thomi Doudoumi, I. Daskalakis, Despoina Bouza, K. Biniari
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为了抵消气候变化对葡萄生理和葡萄品质的各种影响,人们提出了许多不同的方法。本研究旨在评估2019-2020年葡萄栽培季节不同栽培技术对Xinomavro葡萄数量和质量性状的影响。实验葡萄园位于希腊纳乌萨(Naoussa)的Giannakochori,葡萄藤采用双边警戒线训练(双边Royat),种植密度为4000株/公顷。在葡萄园的两个不同的子地块上评估了以下葡萄栽培技术:(i)两种培训系统(lyre形培训系统-双边Royat)在行南侧(葡萄园朝向W-E)的效果,(ii)两种种植密度(4000和10000株/公顷)的效果。在所有样品中,必须用折光计计算糖含量,用pH计计算活性酸度(pH),用氢氧化钠溶液(NaOH)计算总酸度。对所有研究样品的葡萄进行了力学分析。测量了三十(30)个浆果的重量,葡萄的重量,以及每个样品的浆果和葡萄的长度和宽度。采用分光光度法和DPPH法测定葡萄皮中总花青素、总酚类、缩合单宁、总邻二酚类、总黄酮、总黄烷醇、总黄酮醇和总黄酮的含量及其抗氧化能力。利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)鉴定了葡萄中最重要的花青素和酸。除了总花青素和单个花青素外,对葡萄籽和葡萄皮中的化合物进行了测量。在不同的处理过程中,观察到甜瓜的糖和活性酸度以及酚类化合物的差异。训练系统也表现出差异:来自lyre形训练系统的葡萄显示出更高的总可溶性固体和单宁浓度,而来自两侧Royat的葡萄则记录了更高的ph值。葡萄藤的右侧暴露在更高的温度下(由于南风),记录了更高的酚类化合物浓度。种植密度记录了几乎所有测量值的差异,特别是总花青素和单个花青素。此外,结果表明,皮单宁的浓度增加,总可溶性固体,pH值,总酚类物质和类黄酮的浓度更高,因此,用这些葡萄酿造的葡萄酒是成熟和陈酿的理想选择。
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Effect of different viticultural techniques on the qualitative and quantitative characters of cv. Xinomavro under vineyard conditions in Naoussa
In order to counteract the various effects of climate change on the physiology of the grapevine and on the quality of the grapes leading to the wine produced, many different approaches have been proposed. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different cultivation techniques on the quantitative and qualitative characters of the grapes of cv Xinomavro, during the cultivation season 2019-2020. The experimental vineyard is located in Giannakochori, Naoussa (Greece), where the vines are trained in bilaterally cordon-trained (bilateral Royat) and plant density of 4000 vines/ha. The following viticultural techniques were evaluated on two different sub-plots of the vineyard: (i) the effect of two training systems (Lyre-shaped training system – bilateral Royat) on the southern side of the rows (vineyard orientation W-E), (ii) the effect of two planting densities (4000 and 10000 vines/ha). In all samples, the sugar content of the must was calculated using a refractometer, the active acidity (pH) using a pH meter and the total acidity using a sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH). Mechanical analysis of the grapes of all the samples under study was performed. The weight of thirty (30) berries, the weight of the grape and the length and width of the berries and the grapes of each sample were measured. The use of a spectrophotometer quantified the content of grape's skin in total anthocyanins, total phenolics, condensed tannins, total ortho-diphenols, total flavonoids, total flavanols, total flavonols and flavones and their antioxidant capacity with the use of FRAP and DPPH methods. The use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified the most important anthocyanins and acids found in grapes. The measurements in the grape seeds were made on the same compounds as the skins, except for total and individual anthocyanins. Differences in sugars and active acidity of the must as well as in phenolic compounds were observed during the various treatments. The training systems also exhibited differences: the grapes originating from the Lyre-shaped training system showed higher concentration of total soluble solids and tannins, while those originating from the bilateral Royat recorded higher pH. The right side of the vines, which was more exposed to higher temperatures (due to southern wind), recorded higher concentrations in most phenolic compounds. Planting density recorded differences in almost all measurements and especially in total and individual anthocyanins. Moreover, the results showed increased concentration in skin tannins, in total soluble solids, pH, and higher concentration of total phenolics and flavonoids, thus making the wine coming from these grapes ideal for maturing and ageing.
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