Study of Micro Albuminuria and HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Shendi Town, Sudan: Case Control Based Study

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic metabolic disorder that can lead to diabetic nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of end-stage renal disease around the world. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare microalbuminuria and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus to healthy normal controls in Shendi, Sudan. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was carried out in Shendi, Sudan. Between June and October of 2021 This study included 50 participants, 30 of whom had clinically confirmed diabetes as cases and 20 who appeared to be healthy as controls. In this study, blood and random urine samples were collected from each case and control, and the levels of microalbuminuria and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) were estimated using an A25 chemistry analyzer and an Ichroma immuno-analyzer, respectively. The data was collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Results: In our study, patients had higher mean microalbuminuria than controls (26.438.2 vs 11.4 9.2 mg/l, P value = 0.000). This study found a significant increase in mean hemoglobin A1C levels in the case group compared to the control group (7.382.2 vs5.7 0.76% P value = 0.001). Our findings also revealed that there was no relationship between microalbuminuria and disease duration. Conclusions: Microalbuminuria levels were higher when compared to controls. In comparison to the control group, HbA1c levels were higher. Microalbuminuria and patient age had a weak positive correlation in our study group.