Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i5310
Nagat S. Elhaddad, H. Khatab, Ibrahim H. I. Habib
Aim: the objective stated to assess the geno-repair ability of Anethum graveolens L. (Dill) aqueous extract against DNA damage caused by potassium bromate, a food additive. Study Design: project has been done at Botany Department, Omer AL-Mukhtar University, Libya. Period from February to August 2023. Methodology: Alkaline Comet assay was performed on whole blood samples of Ten, young healthy, non-smoking donors. Results: current data showed that potassium bromate can significantly increase DNA damage after the application of selected doses 1, 1.5, and 2.5µg/ml of KBrO3. In male cells, high significant differences between the control and KBrO3 treated group were achieved, 0.5, 10.64, 29.64, and 82.66% are the averages of Comet DNA for control, low, middle, and higher doses of potassium bromate respectively. Also, 2.8, 8.18, 12.13, and 59.34% were attained in female lymphocytes. Whereas, the aqueous extract of dill significantly repairs the DNA impairment by declining the tail extent toward the control lymphocytes of both genders. The parameters illustrate that dill aqueous extract when applied as protective in males and females (11.88 and 10.5%) was significantly more effective than therapeutic (24.93 and 14.4 %) respectively. Total antioxidant content, DPPH free radical scavenging activity via IC50 value, total phenolic and total flavonoid content of dill extract were measured. The IC50 value was 67.2μg/ml compared to positive control, ascorbic acid (42.80μg/ml). Total antioxidant expressed in percentage was 62.0%, 70.2mg/g of dry weight of extract found to be the total phenolic content and the total flavonoid value was 72.0 mg/g. KBrO3 was determined in bread samples collected from fifteen bakeries at Al-Bayda and Shahat cities, quantities more than the lowest amount that allowed by the FDA and WHO by Ten to several hundred folds. Conclusion: The findings indicate the potential genotoxicity of KBrO3 to human health because of the DNA damage achieved. Whereas, dill extract has a good anti-genotoxic effect against potassium bromate.
目的：旨在评估莳萝水提取物（Anethum graveolens L.）对食品添加剂溴酸钾造成的 DNA 损伤的基因修复能力。研究设计：项目在利比亚奥马尔-穆赫塔尔大学植物学系完成。时间为 2023 年 2 月至 8 月。 研究方法：对 10 名年轻、健康、不吸烟的献血者的全血样本进行碱性彗星试验。结果：目前的数据显示，在使用选定剂量 1、1.5 和 2.5µg/ml 的 KBrO3 后，溴酸钾可显著增加 DNA 损伤。在雄性细胞中，对照组和 KBrO3 处理组的彗星 DNA 显著性差异很大，对照组、低、中、高剂量溴酸钾处理组的彗星 DNA 平均值分别为 0.5%、10.64%、29.64%和 82.66%。此外，雌性淋巴细胞的彗星 DNA 去除率分别为 2.8%、8.18%、12.13% 和 59.34%。而莳萝的水提取物则能明显修复 DNA 损伤，其尾部损伤程度较对照组的男女淋巴细胞均有所下降。这些参数表明，莳萝水提取物对男性和女性淋巴细胞的保护作用（11.88% 和 10.5%）明显高于治疗作用（24.93% 和 14.4%）。测定了莳萝提取物的总抗氧化剂含量、DPPH 自由基清除活性（IC50 值）、总酚类和总黄酮类化合物含量。与阳性对照抗坏血酸（42.80μg/ml）相比，IC50 值为 67.2μg/ml。总抗氧化剂的百分比为 62.0%，提取物干重的总酚含量为 70.2 毫克/克，总黄酮值为 72.0 毫克/克。从 Al-Bayda 和 Shahat 市的 15 家面包店采集的面包样品中检测出了 KBrO3，其含量超过了美国食品药物管理局和世界卫生组织允许的最低含量的 10 倍到几百倍。结论研究结果表明，KBrO3 会对 DNA 造成损伤，对人体健康具有潜在的遗传毒性。而莳萝提取物对溴酸钾具有良好的抗遗传毒性作用。
{"title":"In-vitro Repair Ability of DNA Damage by Anethum graveolens L. Aqueous Extract Using Comet Assay","authors":"Nagat S. Elhaddad, H. Khatab, Ibrahim H. I. Habib","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i5310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i5310","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: the objective stated to assess the geno-repair ability of Anethum graveolens L. (Dill) aqueous extract against DNA damage caused by potassium bromate, a food additive. \u0000Study Design: project has been done at Botany Department, Omer AL-Mukhtar University, Libya. Period from February to August 2023. \u0000Methodology: Alkaline Comet assay was performed on whole blood samples of Ten, young healthy, non-smoking donors. \u0000Results: current data showed that potassium bromate can significantly increase DNA damage after the application of selected doses 1, 1.5, and 2.5µg/ml of KBrO3. In male cells, high significant differences between the control and KBrO3 treated group were achieved, 0.5, 10.64, 29.64, and 82.66% are the averages of Comet DNA for control, low, middle, and higher doses of potassium bromate respectively. Also, 2.8, 8.18, 12.13, and 59.34% were attained in female lymphocytes. Whereas, the aqueous extract of dill significantly repairs the DNA impairment by declining the tail extent toward the control lymphocytes of both genders. The parameters illustrate that dill aqueous extract when applied as protective in males and females (11.88 and 10.5%) was significantly more effective than therapeutic (24.93 and 14.4 %) respectively. Total antioxidant content, DPPH free radical scavenging activity via IC50 value, total phenolic and total flavonoid content of dill extract were measured. The IC50 value was 67.2μg/ml compared to positive control, ascorbic acid (42.80μg/ml). Total antioxidant expressed in percentage was 62.0%, 70.2mg/g of dry weight of extract found to be the total phenolic content and the total flavonoid value was 72.0 mg/g. KBrO3 was determined in bread samples collected from fifteen bakeries at Al-Bayda and Shahat cities, quantities more than the lowest amount that allowed by the FDA and WHO by Ten to several hundred folds. \u0000Conclusion: The findings indicate the potential genotoxicity of KBrO3 to human health because of the DNA damage achieved. Whereas, dill extract has a good anti-genotoxic effect against potassium bromate.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"20 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i5309
Ernest Eguono Emojorho, Udeh Charles Chiedu, F. E. Okpalanma, Ferdinard Nnamdi Okoh, Love Nchekwube Onuoha, Eseoghene Avbundiogba
Orange seeds were extracted from orange fruits and sundried at 30 ± 2˚C for 8 hours. The orange seeds (20kg) were steeped in water for 12 hours and cooked for 120 minutes. The boiling seeds were dehulled, oven dried at 60°C for 14 hours, ground and defatted with 100% ethanol, milled, and sieved. Debittered orange seed flour was used to substitute 10, 20, 30, 40, and 100% in biscuits to test its proximate composition, physical, and sensory qualities. The results revealed that the proximate composition of the biscuits ranged from 12.49% to 17.17% protein, 9.38% - 12.14% fat, 1.55 - 9.84% crude fiber, 1.07% - 4.01% ash, 6.37% - 11.00% moisture content, and 45.83% - 64.46% carbohydrate. With increased orange seed flour content, the biscuits' weight, volume, break strength, and thickness reduced, while their spread ratio and density increased. The anti-nutrient composition of the biscuits revealed oxalate (20.06 – 77.21 mg/100g), phytate (61.03 – 99.91 mg/100g), and tannin (0.07 – 2.09 mg/100g). Biscuits made with up to 30% orange seed flour were generally acceptable throughout sensory evaluation. Orange seeds are commonly disposed improperly during the manufacturing of juice along with other orange fruit products, causing a severe environmental impact and posing a health risk. Orange seed flour production would not only provide a novel source of flour for food manufacturing, but would also serve as an environmentally friendly recycling option.
{"title":"Environmental Waste Management: Effect of Debittered-defatted Orange Seed Flour on the Proximate, Anti-nutritional and Sensory Properties of Biscuit","authors":"Ernest Eguono Emojorho, Udeh Charles Chiedu, F. E. Okpalanma, Ferdinard Nnamdi Okoh, Love Nchekwube Onuoha, Eseoghene Avbundiogba","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i5309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i5309","url":null,"abstract":"Orange seeds were extracted from orange fruits and sundried at 30 ± 2˚C for 8 hours. The orange seeds (20kg) were steeped in water for 12 hours and cooked for 120 minutes. The boiling seeds were dehulled, oven dried at 60°C for 14 hours, ground and defatted with 100% ethanol, milled, and sieved. Debittered orange seed flour was used to substitute 10, 20, 30, 40, and 100% in biscuits to test its proximate composition, physical, and sensory qualities. The results revealed that the proximate composition of the biscuits ranged from 12.49% to 17.17% protein, 9.38% - 12.14% fat, 1.55 - 9.84% crude fiber, 1.07% - 4.01% ash, 6.37% - 11.00% moisture content, and 45.83% - 64.46% carbohydrate. With increased orange seed flour content, the biscuits' weight, volume, break strength, and thickness reduced, while their spread ratio and density increased. The anti-nutrient composition of the biscuits revealed oxalate (20.06 – 77.21 mg/100g), phytate (61.03 – 99.91 mg/100g), and tannin (0.07 – 2.09 mg/100g). Biscuits made with up to 30% orange seed flour were generally acceptable throughout sensory evaluation. Orange seeds are commonly disposed improperly during the manufacturing of juice along with other orange fruit products, causing a severe environmental impact and posing a health risk. Orange seed flour production would not only provide a novel source of flour for food manufacturing, but would also serve as an environmentally friendly recycling option.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"5 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4305
Jenny Cyrill T. Coria, Flyndon Mark S. Dagalea, M. J. M. Somoray
Melia azedarach belongs to the Meliaceae family and is known by various names, such as Chinaberry, ride of India, Bead-tree, Cape lilac, Persian lilac. It is commonly found in warmer and tropical regions, including Southeast Asia and various other parts of the world. The leaves, bark, stem and roots have a medicinal application and effective against the herpes simplex virus. This study focuses on the characterization of bioactive potential of Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) leaf extract. Physical properties were determined in terms of color, odor, solubility, boiling point, density, and pH. Furthermore, the secondary metabolites were determined in terms of alkaloids, phenols, tannin, saponin, and phenolic compound. Likewise, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy is used to determine the functional group present on the leaf extract. Lastly, to determine the bioactive potential of Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) leaf extract Ultraviolet Visible (UV-vis) Spectrophotometer was used. Result showed that Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) has a yellow green color with a pleasant odor, miscible with ethanol and water, immiscible with benzene, lower boiling point than water, less dense than water and a pH which is moderately acidic. Furthermore, a positive result showed in phytochemical screening for alkaloids, phenols, tannin, saponin and phenolic compound, which implies that the plant sample can be used as antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory. Subsequently, FTIR and UV-vis analysis showed a positive result for the determination of functional group and bioactive potential among secondary metabolites which means that it is possible for the application in developing therapeutic medicines and in developing natural remedies. Therefore, the findings of this study will benefits the whole scientific community since it would provide added information and evidences as possible application for the development of pharmaceutical medicine. Furthermore, this study is beneficial to the whole scientific community since it would provide added information about the characterization of bioactive potential present in these leaf extract. It also, provides alternative treatments for common health issues particularly in communities that are in far-flung areas with limited access to modern healthcare. Overall, this compound simplifies treatments, may lower healthcare costs, and significantly improves quality of life.
{"title":"Biochemical Analysis of Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) Leaf Extract Collected from Laoang, Northern Samar, Philippines","authors":"Jenny Cyrill T. Coria, Flyndon Mark S. Dagalea, M. J. M. Somoray","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4305","url":null,"abstract":"Melia azedarach belongs to the Meliaceae family and is known by various names, such as Chinaberry, ride of India, Bead-tree, Cape lilac, Persian lilac. It is commonly found in warmer and tropical regions, including Southeast Asia and various other parts of the world. The leaves, bark, stem and roots have a medicinal application and effective against the herpes simplex virus. This study focuses on the characterization of bioactive potential of Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) leaf extract. Physical properties were determined in terms of color, odor, solubility, boiling point, density, and pH. Furthermore, the secondary metabolites were determined in terms of alkaloids, phenols, tannin, saponin, and phenolic compound. Likewise, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy is used to determine the functional group present on the leaf extract. Lastly, to determine the bioactive potential of Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) leaf extract Ultraviolet Visible (UV-vis) Spectrophotometer was used. Result showed that Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) has a yellow green color with a pleasant odor, miscible with ethanol and water, immiscible with benzene, lower boiling point than water, less dense than water and a pH which is moderately acidic. Furthermore, a positive result showed in phytochemical screening for alkaloids, phenols, tannin, saponin and phenolic compound, which implies that the plant sample can be used as antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory. Subsequently, FTIR and UV-vis analysis showed a positive result for the determination of functional group and bioactive potential among secondary metabolites which means that it is possible for the application in developing therapeutic medicines and in developing natural remedies. Therefore, the findings of this study will benefits the whole scientific community since it would provide added information and evidences as possible application for the development of pharmaceutical medicine. Furthermore, this study is beneficial to the whole scientific community since it would provide added information about the characterization of bioactive potential present in these leaf extract. It also, provides alternative treatments for common health issues particularly in communities that are in far-flung areas with limited access to modern healthcare. Overall, this compound simplifies treatments, may lower healthcare costs, and significantly improves quality of life.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"72 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4304
Chima-Ezika, O. R, Ibegbulem, C.O, N. L. A, Iheme, C. I.
Effect of wood ash (WA)-amended soil on some nutritional and non-nutritional constituents of Telfairia occidentalis (pumpkin) was evaluated. WA obtained from Dialiumguineense(velvet tamarind) tree was used to amend the soil samples. Pumpkin seeds were planted on the soils after allowing for soil mineralization. Results obtained after the pumpkin plants were harvested and processed for analysis showed that cyanogenic glycosides and tannins increased against the control. Moisture and crude fats reduced against the control while carbohydrate increased when compared to the control. Pumpkin grown on WA amended soil samples had reduced vitamin A but increased vitamins C and D. Potassium and calcium minerals increased in pumpkin grown on WA amended soil samples. These observations could be related to the ability of WA to stimulate mineralization which may have influenced some non-nutritional composition such as phytochemicals and nutritional compositions such as proximate contents and minerals. In conclusion, WA amended soil had effect on some nutritional and non-nutritional constituents of Telfairia occidentalis (pumpkin).
评估了木灰（WA）改良土壤对南瓜（Telfairia occidentalis）一些营养和非营养成分的影响。木灰取自 Dialiumguineense（绒毛罗望子）树，用于改良土壤样本。在土壤矿化后，将南瓜种子种在土壤上。收获南瓜植株并进行分析后得出的结果表明，与对照组相比，氰苷和单宁增加了。与对照组相比，水分和粗脂肪减少，而碳水化合物增加。在西澳大利亚改良土壤样本上种植的南瓜维生素 A 减少，但维生素 C 和 D 增加。这些观察结果可能与 WA 促进矿化的能力有关，这种能力可能会影响一些非营养成分（如植物化学物质）和营养成分（如近似物含量和矿物质）。总之，添加了 WA 的土壤对南瓜的一些营养和非营养成分有影响。
{"title":"Effect of Wood Ash-Amended Soil on Some Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Constituents of Telfairia occidentalis","authors":"Chima-Ezika, O. R, Ibegbulem, C.O, N. L. A, Iheme, C. I.","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4304","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of wood ash (WA)-amended soil on some nutritional and non-nutritional constituents of Telfairia occidentalis (pumpkin) was evaluated. WA obtained from Dialiumguineense(velvet tamarind) tree was used to amend the soil samples. Pumpkin seeds were planted on the soils after allowing for soil mineralization. Results obtained after the pumpkin plants were harvested and processed for analysis showed that cyanogenic glycosides and tannins increased against the control. Moisture and crude fats reduced against the control while carbohydrate increased when compared to the control. Pumpkin grown on WA amended soil samples had reduced vitamin A but increased vitamins C and D. Potassium and calcium minerals increased in pumpkin grown on WA amended soil samples. These observations could be related to the ability of WA to stimulate mineralization which may have influenced some non-nutritional composition such as phytochemicals and nutritional compositions such as proximate contents and minerals. In conclusion, WA amended soil had effect on some nutritional and non-nutritional constituents of Telfairia occidentalis (pumpkin).","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4303
E. J. Ugboma, Fabian I. Eze, V. Amaechi
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous methanolic extract derived from the root bark of Zanthoxylum leprieurii, a tropical plant used traditionally in the treatment of inflammation in Nigeria. Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous-methanol extract of the root bark of Zanthoxylum leprieurii was done to determine the main secondary metabolites. The anti-inflammatory activity of the crude extract of zanthoxylum leprieurii root back was determined using the egg albumin-induced model of inflammation, and the results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and student t-test. Results: The yield after extraction was 25g. The phytochemical screening indicates the presence of the following metabolites: tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. The paw edema inhibition percentages at the 3rd and 4th hours were 14.8% and 46.3% for the 200 mg/kg dose, and 26.5% and 70.3% for the 400 mg/kg dose, respectively. Conclusion: The result of the in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation carried out showed statistical significance and therefore justified the folkloric uses of the plant as an anti-inflammatory agent.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory Property of Methanolic Extract of Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr. Root Bark","authors":"E. J. Ugboma, Fabian I. Eze, V. Amaechi","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4303","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous methanolic extract derived from the root bark of Zanthoxylum leprieurii, a tropical plant used traditionally in the treatment of inflammation in Nigeria. \u0000Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous-methanol extract of the root bark of Zanthoxylum leprieurii was done to determine the main secondary metabolites. The anti-inflammatory activity of the crude extract of zanthoxylum leprieurii root back was determined using the egg albumin-induced model of inflammation, and the results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and student t-test. \u0000Results: The yield after extraction was 25g. The phytochemical screening indicates the presence of the following metabolites: tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. The paw edema inhibition percentages at the 3rd and 4th hours were 14.8% and 46.3% for the 200 mg/kg dose, and 26.5% and 70.3% for the 400 mg/kg dose, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The result of the in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation carried out showed statistical significance and therefore justified the folkloric uses of the plant as an anti-inflammatory agent.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4302
Viktar O. Lemiasheuski, Yihe Ji, Igor Buchenkov, Evgeniy Gritskevitch, Aliaksei Sysa
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is an edible spice with edible value and is cultivated in both tropical and temperate regions. It is a traditional spice with important economic value and extensive medical application value. The purpose of the research: Antibacterial tests were conducted on four types of opportunistic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract to determine their biochemical indicators. Fennel oil was used as raw material in this study. The object of study were opportunistic microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus. The study groups were fennel essential oil produced by Botanika LLC, Russian Federation (FEN-B) and IP Saules Sapnis, Republic of Belarus (FEN-SS). Collection microorganisms of the same species were used as a control. Research results have shown that fennel essential oil (Foeniculum vulgare) inhibits the growth of opportunistic microflora. E. coli, B. cereus and P. mirabilis exhibited proteolytic and amylolytic activities. In S. aureus cultured cells, amylolytic enzymes were not present.
茴香（Foeniculum vulgare）是一种具有食用价值的香料，在热带和温带地区均有种植。它是一种传统香料，具有重要的经济价值和广泛的医学应用价值。研究目的对胃肠道中的四种机会性细菌进行抗菌试验，以确定其生化指标。本研究以茴香油为原料。研究对象为胃肠道机会性微生物大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌。研究组别是俄罗斯联邦 Botanika LLC 公司生产的茴香精油（FEN-B）和白俄罗斯共和国 IP Saules Sapnis 公司生产的茴香精油（FEN-SS）。同一物种的采集微生物作为对照。研究结果表明，茴香精油（Foeniculum vulgare）可抑制机会性微生物菌群的生长。大肠杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和奇异变形杆菌表现出蛋白分解和淀粉分解活性。在金黄色葡萄球菌培养细胞中，不存在淀粉溶解酶。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Essential Oil on Opportunistic Microflora: Growth and Enzymatic Activity Indicators","authors":"Viktar O. Lemiasheuski, Yihe Ji, Igor Buchenkov, Evgeniy Gritskevitch, Aliaksei Sysa","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4302","url":null,"abstract":"Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is an edible spice with edible value and is cultivated in both tropical and temperate regions. It is a traditional spice with important economic value and extensive medical application value. The purpose of the research: Antibacterial tests were conducted on four types of opportunistic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract to determine their biochemical indicators. Fennel oil was used as raw material in this study. The object of study were opportunistic microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus. The study groups were fennel essential oil produced by Botanika LLC, Russian Federation (FEN-B) and IP Saules Sapnis, Republic of Belarus (FEN-SS). Collection microorganisms of the same species were used as a control. Research results have shown that fennel essential oil (Foeniculum vulgare) inhibits the growth of opportunistic microflora. E. coli, B. cereus and P. mirabilis exhibited proteolytic and amylolytic activities. In S. aureus cultured cells, amylolytic enzymes were not present.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"87 S372","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-15DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4298
Mikidadi S. Gurisha, Papula V. Kanaka Rao, Laxmikanth Cherupally, Alex J. Mbise
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition. It occurs when the immune system attacks the tissue surrounding joints due to the release of specific chemicals and enzymes that start consuming away the cartilage and bones. The ant-arthritis of Coriandrum sativum (CS) has not been summarized before, so this review aims to assess further and explore its efficacy in RA disorders. The online literature search was performed using databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley Online, Library, Springer, and Taylor& Francis for review. Articles published from January 2010 to January 2024 were composed. Additionally, the molecular docking of the eight selected CS phytochemicals was carried out against the AR protein target (PDB ID: 2AXJ) to support the review. Different parameters such as docking score, oral bioavailability, drug-likeness, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) were examined. Docking scores depicted that, anethole, beta-pinene, camphor, and geraniol phytochemicals demonstrated a commendable potential as inhibitors of 2AXJ molecule. The score hierarchy is camphor (-6.9 kcal/mol), beta-pinene (-5.9 kcal/mol), geraniol (-5.3 kcal/mol), and anethole (-5.2 kcal/mol). The four phytochemicals also appear to have good drug-likeness properties and oral bioavailability. Therefore the in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that CS has strong potential as anti-arthritics and anti-inflammatory. However, clinical trials for both fresh and extracted CS are also necessary to validate the findings.
{"title":"A Review on Therapeutic Activities of Coriandrum sativum L for Rheumatoid Arthritis Remedy","authors":"Mikidadi S. Gurisha, Papula V. Kanaka Rao, Laxmikanth Cherupally, Alex J. Mbise","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4298","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition. It occurs when the immune system attacks the tissue surrounding joints due to the release of specific chemicals and enzymes that start consuming away the cartilage and bones. The ant-arthritis of Coriandrum sativum (CS) has not been summarized before, so this review aims to assess further and explore its efficacy in RA disorders. The online literature search was performed using databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley Online, Library, Springer, and Taylor& Francis for review. Articles published from January 2010 to January 2024 were composed. Additionally, the molecular docking of the eight selected CS phytochemicals was carried out against the AR protein target (PDB ID: 2AXJ) to support the review. Different parameters such as docking score, oral bioavailability, drug-likeness, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) were examined. Docking scores depicted that, anethole, beta-pinene, camphor, and geraniol phytochemicals demonstrated a commendable potential as inhibitors of 2AXJ molecule. The score hierarchy is camphor (-6.9 kcal/mol), beta-pinene (-5.9 kcal/mol), geraniol (-5.3 kcal/mol), and anethole (-5.2 kcal/mol). The four phytochemicals also appear to have good drug-likeness properties and oral bioavailability. Therefore the in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that CS has strong potential as anti-arthritics and anti-inflammatory. However, clinical trials for both fresh and extracted CS are also necessary to validate the findings.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"3 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4296
J. S. Patel, K. N. Prajapati, Kapil Tiwari, M. K. Chaudhari, S. B. Gondaliya, V. A. Joshi, S. R. Vyas
Capsicum spp., a member of the Solanaceae family, is a widely used vegetable crop that is mostly used as a spice, condiment, medicine, and vegetable. It is also a major source of vitamins A and C. There are about 22 wild and five cultivated species in the genus Capsicum. C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. Chinense, C. frutescens and C. pubescens are the species that are grown. Indian chilli peppers have become a major player in the world market for chilli peppers. India is the world's biggest producer, consumer, and exporter of chilli, making it unique in the world market. Over 40 per cent of the world's total chilli production comes from India. This study was planned to check the morphological and nutritional attributes of different chilli varieties/genotypes. Plant height ranged from 66.83 to 84.65 cm, while yield varied from 4699.08 to 7115.75 kg/ha. There was a noticeable variation in moisture content, ranging from 6.36% to 8.37%. JCH-799 had the lowest protein content while Gholar had the highest concentration. Similarly, the percentage of carbohydrates ranged from 61.93% to 69.69%. JCH-18-835 and Kashmiri had the highest ascorbic acid content, ranging from 76.92 to 112.82 mg/100gm. Total phenol content was found from 1.75% to 2.14%. The principal component analyses (PCA) of plant height and yield of chilli and biochemical traits. The eigenvalue-based evaluation of economically useful features to identify the components that have a major influence on chilli genotype yield. The PCA revealed four principle components (PC) with eigenvalues greater than one, which explained roughly 77.17% of the overall variability. PC analysis revealed that PC-1 has the largest variation in eigenvalues (2.709), followed by PC-2 (1.589), and PC-3 (1.103). These findings show that there is genetic diversity amongst chilli, which can be leveraged to create high-yielding varieties with improved nutritional value.
{"title":"Assessing Chilli Genotypes: A Study of Morphological and Nutritional Traits","authors":"J. S. Patel, K. N. Prajapati, Kapil Tiwari, M. K. Chaudhari, S. B. Gondaliya, V. A. Joshi, S. R. Vyas","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4296","url":null,"abstract":"Capsicum spp., a member of the Solanaceae family, is a widely used vegetable crop that is mostly used as a spice, condiment, medicine, and vegetable. It is also a major source of vitamins A and C. There are about 22 wild and five cultivated species in the genus Capsicum. C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. Chinense, C. frutescens and C. pubescens are the species that are grown. Indian chilli peppers have become a major player in the world market for chilli peppers. India is the world's biggest producer, consumer, and exporter of chilli, making it unique in the world market. Over 40 per cent of the world's total chilli production comes from India. This study was planned to check the morphological and nutritional attributes of different chilli varieties/genotypes. Plant height ranged from 66.83 to 84.65 cm, while yield varied from 4699.08 to 7115.75 kg/ha. There was a noticeable variation in moisture content, ranging from 6.36% to 8.37%. JCH-799 had the lowest protein content while Gholar had the highest concentration. Similarly, the percentage of carbohydrates ranged from 61.93% to 69.69%. JCH-18-835 and Kashmiri had the highest ascorbic acid content, ranging from 76.92 to 112.82 mg/100gm. Total phenol content was found from 1.75% to 2.14%. The principal component analyses (PCA) of plant height and yield of chilli and biochemical traits. The eigenvalue-based evaluation of economically useful features to identify the components that have a major influence on chilli genotype yield. The PCA revealed four principle components (PC) with eigenvalues greater than one, which explained roughly 77.17% of the overall variability. PC analysis revealed that PC-1 has the largest variation in eigenvalues (2.709), followed by PC-2 (1.589), and PC-3 (1.103). These findings show that there is genetic diversity amongst chilli, which can be leveraged to create high-yielding varieties with improved nutritional value.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"43 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4295
I.U. Leje, Wali. U., M. H. Yeldu, H.M. Alhassan, I. Z. Wasagu, U. Abubakar, B.H. Abubakar, H. A. Evuti, M. Bello
Introduction: Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related non-malignant prostate gland enlargement in men that leads to pain and difficulty voiding urine. The etiology of BPH is still unknown. Studies have been reported on the effects of Annona muricata (soursop) against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with little documentation. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effects of aqueous fruit extract of A. muricata on testosterone propionate induced benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in male Wistar Rats. Methodology: The fruits of A. muricata were processed to obtain fruit extract and phytoconstituents. An acute toxicity study was conducted with six doses of A. muricata fruit extract (10, 100, 1000, 1500, 2900 and 5000 mg/kg) to determine the safety and tolerability dose limit. A total of 48 adult male Wistar rats were used for the study. After 2 weeks of acclimatization, the animals were orchimetized. The rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight animals each; group 1 (normal control + sham treated + distilled water); groups 2 (positive control + castrated + TP/day); group 3 (finasteride (3 mg/kg) + castrated + TP/day); group 4 (100 mg/kg AM + castrated + TP/day); group 5 (200 mg/kg AM + castrated + TP/day) and group 6 (400 mg/kg AM + castrated + TP/day) for 42 days. On the 43rd day animals were euthanized, blood and prostate tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histological study. Results: This study showed that, the extract significantly (p < 0.05) decreased both the prostate weight and testosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner compared to finasteride-treated rats. The effect of the extract on the histology of the prostate had significant recovery and was able to restore the enlarged prostate to near-normal in a dose-dependent manner. A significant (p < 0.05) recovery was observed at a higher dose (400 mg/kg) of the extracts. Conclusion: The effects of Annona muricata (soursop) against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) showed inhibitory potentials via decreased prostate weight, prostate specific antigen, and testosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner. At a high dose (400 mg/kg) body weight of rats had significant recovery (p < 0.05) restoring prostatic histoarchitecture to near-normal. This study suggests that Annona muricata fruit may be considered a treatment option for benign prostatic hyperplasia in men.
{"title":"Effects of Aqueous Fruit Extract of Annona muricata on Testosterone Propionate Induced Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"I.U. Leje, Wali. U., M. H. Yeldu, H.M. Alhassan, I. Z. Wasagu, U. Abubakar, B.H. Abubakar, H. A. Evuti, M. Bello","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4295","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related non-malignant prostate gland enlargement in men that leads to pain and difficulty voiding urine. The etiology of BPH is still unknown. Studies have been reported on the effects of Annona muricata (soursop) against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with little documentation. \u0000Aim: This study aimed to determine the effects of aqueous fruit extract of A. muricata on testosterone propionate induced benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in male Wistar Rats. \u0000Methodology: The fruits of A. muricata were processed to obtain fruit extract and phytoconstituents. An acute toxicity study was conducted with six doses of A. muricata fruit extract (10, 100, 1000, 1500, 2900 and 5000 mg/kg) to determine the safety and tolerability dose limit. A total of 48 adult male Wistar rats were used for the study. After 2 weeks of acclimatization, the animals were orchimetized. The rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight animals each; group 1 (normal control + sham treated + distilled water); groups 2 (positive control + castrated + TP/day); group 3 (finasteride (3 mg/kg) + castrated + TP/day); group 4 (100 mg/kg AM + castrated + TP/day); group 5 (200 mg/kg AM + castrated + TP/day) and group 6 (400 mg/kg AM + castrated + TP/day) for 42 days. On the 43rd day animals were euthanized, blood and prostate tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histological study. \u0000Results: This study showed that, the extract significantly (p < 0.05) decreased both the prostate weight and testosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner compared to finasteride-treated rats. The effect of the extract on the histology of the prostate had significant recovery and was able to restore the enlarged prostate to near-normal in a dose-dependent manner. A significant (p < 0.05) recovery was observed at a higher dose (400 mg/kg) of the extracts. \u0000Conclusion: The effects of Annona muricata (soursop) against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) showed inhibitory potentials via decreased prostate weight, prostate specific antigen, and testosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner. At a high dose (400 mg/kg) body weight of rats had significant recovery (p < 0.05) restoring prostatic histoarchitecture to near-normal. This study suggests that Annona muricata fruit may be considered a treatment option for benign prostatic hyperplasia in men.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"25 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4294
Adindu, J. C., Ezebialu C. U., Chukwukaelo, D. C., Okpala, C.O
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, commonly called ‘Chaya’ and in Southeastern Nigeria ‘hospital too far’, or ‘catholic vegetable’ is a medicinal plant from the family Euphorbiaceae that has been used since pre-Columbian times as food and in treating diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemicals present in the ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves, which could be accountable for the plant’s acclaimed therapeutic properties, using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) technique. Cold maceration was used in the extraction process while GC-FID was employed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of lunamarine, cardiac glycoside, anthocyanin, spartien, cyanogenic glycoside, flavonones, steroids, keampferol, epicatechin, flavones, oxalate, resveratol, sapogenin, epihedrine, flavan-3-ol, proanthocyanin, naringin, ribalinidine, naringenin, catechin, tannin, rutin, and phytate. However, the extracts did not all contain the same phytochemicals nor quantity of phytochemicals. While the ethanol extract recorded phytate (18.9224µg/ml) as the highest yield, methanol had spartein (17.2035µg/ml) and the aqueous extracts had epicatechin (9.2402 µg/g). The presence of these pharmacologically active substances, which has been researched to have antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties amongst others, supports the efficacy of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves in treatment of various pathologies and use in ethnopharmacology. It also projects Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves as a probable raw material for antibiotic formulation.
{"title":"Determination of Phytochemical Constituents in Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Leaves Extracts by GC-FID","authors":"Adindu, J. C., Ezebialu C. U., Chukwukaelo, D. C., Okpala, C.O","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4294","url":null,"abstract":"Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, commonly called ‘Chaya’ and in Southeastern Nigeria ‘hospital too far’, or ‘catholic vegetable’ is a medicinal plant from the family Euphorbiaceae that has been used since pre-Columbian times as food and in treating diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemicals present in the ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves, which could be accountable for the plant’s acclaimed therapeutic properties, using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) technique. Cold maceration was used in the extraction process while GC-FID was employed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of lunamarine, cardiac glycoside, anthocyanin, spartien, cyanogenic glycoside, flavonones, steroids, keampferol, epicatechin, flavones, oxalate, resveratol, sapogenin, epihedrine, flavan-3-ol, proanthocyanin, naringin, ribalinidine, naringenin, catechin, tannin, rutin, and phytate. However, the extracts did not all contain the same phytochemicals nor quantity of phytochemicals. While the ethanol extract recorded phytate (18.9224µg/ml) as the highest yield, methanol had spartein (17.2035µg/ml) and the aqueous extracts had epicatechin (9.2402 µg/g). The presence of these pharmacologically active substances, which has been researched to have antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties amongst others, supports the efficacy of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves in treatment of various pathologies and use in ethnopharmacology. It also projects Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves as a probable raw material for antibiotic formulation.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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