改良前后水分亏缺条件下葡萄果实的质地特性和酚提取性指标。“Kekfrankos”)

Zs. Zsófi, X. Pálfi, Sz. Villangó
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引用次数: 1

摘要

最佳供水是保证葡萄酒质量的重要因素之一。然而,在一些葡萄酒产区,水资源供应有限,而且由于气候变化,特别是在干旱气候条件下,水资源短缺问题变得更加严重。因此,在不久的将来,适当的葡萄园水管理、灌溉的数量和时间将在可持续葡萄栽培中发挥至关重要的作用。本研究研究了适度亏水时机对浆果质地特征和酚类成熟度的影响。将‘Kekfrankos’葡萄植株进行不同的水分处理:从果实结实到果实成熟(WD1)中度水分亏缺,从果实成熟到收获(WD2)中度水分亏缺,无水分亏缺(C)。用分光光度计(UVmini-1240 CE UV-VIS, Shimadzu, Japan)测量葡萄浆果皮和浆果混合物中酚类成分的浓度。计算细胞和种子成熟度指数(CMI%, SMI%)。用TA监测浆果的质地特征。XT Plus纹理分析仪(英国稳定微系统公司)。浆果果皮和种子的质地特性受水分状况的影响。WD1的果皮和种子硬度显著低于WD2。不同处理间浆果硬度差异显著(C>WD1>WD2)。与C和WD1相比,WD2的浆果黏性、弹性和咀嚼性较低。不受改良后水分限制(WD1)时,花青素提取率较高。结果表明,坐果期和转代期水分亏缺导致种子成熟指数降低。与WD1和c相比,催熟前水分不足导致成熟延迟,种子更软,因此苯酚的可提取性更高。季节后期水分不足导致果皮更厚,同时花青素的可提取性低于WD1和c。似乎花青素的可提取性受葡萄实际水分状况而非果皮质地特性的影响。然而,皮肤纹理参数与成熟度指标之间存在一定的联系。
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Texture properties and phenol extractability indices of the grape berry under pre- and post-veraison water deficit (Vitis vinifera L. 'Kékfrankos')
Optimal water supply is one of the most important factors in quality wine making. However, water availability is limited in several wine regions and water shortage is getting even worse due to climate change, especially under arid climate conditions. Therefore, proper water management of the vineyards, the amount and the timing of irrigation will play a crucial role in sustainable viticulture in the near future. In this study, the effect of timing of moderate water deficit on berry texture characteristics and phenolic maturity were investigated. 'Kekfrankos' grapevines were submitted to different water regimes: moderate water deficit from berry set until veraison (WD1), moderate water deficit from veraison until harvest (WD2), no water deficit (C). Concentration of the phenolic components of the grape berry skins and berry mixture for the Glories indices were measured by spectrophotometer (UVmini-1240 CE UV-VIS, Shimadzu, Japan). Cell and seed maturity indices (CMI%, SMI%) were also calculated. Berry texture characteristics were monitored by a TA.XT Plus Texture Analyser (Stable Micro System, UK). Berry skin and seed texture properties were affected by water regimes. Skin and seed hardness of WD1 were significantly lower than those of WD2. Significant differences were found in berry hardness between the treatments (C>WD1>WD2). Berry gumminess, resilience and chewiness of WD2 were lower compared to C and WD1. Anthocyanin extractability was higher when plants were not subjected to post-veraison water limitations (WD1). Furthermore, the seed maturity index was lower when water deficit occurred between berry set and veraison. Pre-veraison water deficit resulted in delayed ripening, softer seeds and thus higher phenol extractability compared to WD2 and C. Late seasonal water deficit resulted in thicker skins, which was accompanied by lower anthocyanin extractability than in WD1 and C. It seems that anthocyanin extractability is influenced by the actual water status of the grapevine rather than skin textural properties. However, there are some connections between skin texture parameters and maturity indices.
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