急性肾损伤的生物标志物及其在临床患者管理中的作用

Ecem Busra Deger, Enver Arslan, M. Değer, Oktay Kaya
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摘要

急性肾损伤(AKI)是一个常见的公共卫生问题,对心血管疾病、死亡率和医院费用增加有重大影响。此外,AKI可以发展为慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)。因此,AKI的早期诊断非常重要。血清肌酐(SCr)是诊断AKI的一个众所周知的生物标志物。然而,SCr水平的变化不足以用于早期诊断,因此需要新的生物标志物。正因为如此,寻找早期发现AKI的生物标志物是一个持续的过程。近年来,早期诊断、预后和预测性生物标志物已被发现在AKI诊断中取代或支持SCr。新的生物标志物有助于AKI的早期诊断和有效管理。由于有许多生物标记物,在什么时候以及在什么条件下使用这些生物标记物会引起混淆。在这篇综述中,我们旨在构建和简化这些AKI生物标志物的分类,并总结目前的文献。我们将生物标志物分为两大类:肾源性和非肾源性。然后,我们将肾脏起源的生物标志物分为肾小球、肾小管和未知肾部位。我们还描述了这些生物标志物在诊断和预后方面的临床应用。Biomed Rev 2020;31日:
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Biomarkers of acute kidney injury and their role in clinical patient management
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common public health problem and has a significant impact on cardiovascular disease, mortality and increased hospital costs. Also, AKI can progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, early diagnosis is very important for AKI. Serum creatinine (SCr) is a well-known biomarker in the diagnosis of AKI. However, changes in SCr levels are insufficient in early diagnosis so, new biomarkers are needed. Because of that, the search for biomarkers for the early detection of AKI is an ongoing process. In recent years, early diagnosis, prognostic and predictive biomarkers have been discovered to replace or support SCr in the diagnosis of AKI. New biomarkers can help early diagnosis and effective management of AKI. Since there are many biomarkers, when and under which condition these biomarkers should be used cause confusion. In this review, we aimed to construct and ease to use classification of these AKI biomarkers and summarize the current literature. We have divided the biomarkers into two main categories: renal and non-renal origin. Then, we have classified the biomarkers of renal origin as glomerular, tubular and unknown renal site. We have also described the clinical use of these biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Biomed Rev 2020; 31:
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