Realization of the Benefits from the Functioning of Municipal Electric Transport in the Taxation of the Property of Individuals

The problem of introducing the benefit principle into local taxation for the implementation of investment projects for the development of municipal public transport is extremely relevant. Today, however, such projects are financed by the lump-sum method, which creates prerequisites for an even greater distortion of the benefit principle. Public transport being as an element of local public goods, there is a strict binding to the locality, which makes it difficult for taxpayers living outside such zones to use it. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of introducing the benefit principle into the taxation of property owned by private individuals in the case of the city of Yekaterinburg by establishing the dependence of the availability of tram stops on the capitalization of the cost of residential real estate. In this study, we intend to confirm the hypothesis about the possibility of using a differentiated property tax rate, which will allow us to introduce various tax instruments for a fairer and fiscally more efficient tax model that provides for additional taxation of residents who benefit the most from electric municipal transport. Calculations were carried out by comparing the homogeneity of the price reaction to the proximity of tram stops when zoning by type of real estate and without such zoning. The calculations have shown that the capitalization of the proximity of tram stops in the cost of housing in Yekaterinburg fits both into the static and dynamic equilibrium model. At the same time, the model with zones previously combined by type of real estate showed more uniform results in terms of the degree of influence of the proximity of tram stops on the cost of housing. As a result of the study, it was possible to identify geographically isolated zones in Yekaterinburg with the most smoothed effect of the interaction between the objects of the proximity of tram stops on the price of real estate. These zones are also ready-made fiscal zones with an increased property tax, the protected proceeds from which should become a source for the creation of new transport infrastructure of the zone. The hypothesis of the study is confirmed. This model of taxation provides a high level of fairness; at the same time it is practically applicable in the conditions of Yekaterinburg.