电磁感应加热开采沥青:以阿萨巴斯卡油砂为例

A. Sherwali, M. Noroozi, W. Dunford
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摘要

本文演示了如何利用电磁感应加热技术从阿尔伯塔省的Athabasca油砂中回收沥青,同时减少了对外部水的需求。本文论述了该方法的设置要求和必要的参数,以达到经济的能油比。通过一个迭代过程将电磁感应加热产生的热速率与油藏模型在一定时间内耦合。储层模型代表了一个33米的产油层,位于Fort McMurray北部的阿萨巴斯卡油砂矿床内的McMurray地层下部。为了达到最实际、最可行的采油设置,对几种场景进行了广泛的探索。该过程使作业者能够监测和控制储层压力和温度、产液量和能量与油比,从而最大限度地提高油砂和稠油储层的采收率。结果表明,该方法的预期最终采收率为+70%,平均能油比低于蒸汽辅助重力泄油的平均能油比。可以观察到,该过程所需的能量与近井区域的含水饱和度相关,为了提高采收率,更高的含水饱和度是首选。值得注意的是,大部分电磁感应热速率产生于近井筒区域,使该区域现有的水蒸发,最终减缓了加热过程。然而,注水使热对流进一步进入储层,因此使用这种方法建立蒸汽室是必不可少的。然而,建立蒸汽室所需的注入水量与储层产出水的总量相当,因此在此过程中需要的外部水最少。此外,该方法是无排放的,因为储层中的热量是通过一个电动井下电感器(正在申请专利)产生的,该电感器将电磁能转化为热能。总之,这种新方法在满足经济和环境预期的同时,在油砂和稠油油藏中具有很高的采油潜力。本文介绍了利用一种新的清洁能源技术从阿尔伯塔省阿萨巴斯卡油砂中回收沥青。此外,该技术对世界各地的稠油油藏的石油开采具有很高的价值,因此为能源工业提供了巨大的利益。
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Electromagnetic Induction Heating for Bitumen Recovery: A Case Study in Athabasca Oil Sands
This paper demonstrates how electromagnetic induction heating is used for bitumen recovery from the Athabasca oil sands in Alberta with minimal external water requirements. The paper addresses the setup requirements and the necessary parameters for this method to achieve an economic energy to oil ratio. An iterative process is followed to couple the heat rate generated by electromagnetic induction heating to the reservoir model over a defined period. The reservoir model represents a 33 meter payzone with properties for the lower McMurray formation in an area north of Fort McMurray within the Athabasca oil sands deposit. Several scenarios are extensively explored to reach the most practical and feasible setup for oil recovery. The process enables operators to monitor and control reservoir pressure and temperature, liquid production, and energy to oil ratio to maximize recovery from oil sands and heavy oil reservoirs. The results show an expected ultimate oil recovery factor of +70% with an average energy to oil ratio that is lower than the average ratio associated with steam assisted gravity drainage. It is observed that the amount of energy required by the process correlates with water saturation in the near wellbore region, higher water saturation levels are preferred for enhanced oil recovery. It is also noticed that majority of the electromagnetically induced heat rate is generated in the near wellbore region vaporizing any existing water in that region, which eventually slows down the heating process. However, water injection improves the heat convection further into the reservoir, and therefore is essential for establishing a steam chamber using this method. Nevertheless, the volume of injected water required to establish a steam chamber is comparable to the overall volume of water produced from the reservoir, and thus minimal external water is necessary in this process. Moreover, the method is emissions free because heat is generated in the reservoir using an electrically powered downhole inductor (patent pending) that transfers electromagnetic energy to heat. In conclusion, this novel method shows high potential for responsible oil recovery from oil sands and heavy oil reservoirs while meeting economic and environmental expectations. This paper presents the use of a novel clean energy technology to recover bitumen from the Athabasca oil sands in Alberta. Furthermore, the technology is of high value to oil production from heavy oil reservoirs around the world and therefore provides large benefits to the energy industry.
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