楼梯管道涵洞:流动模拟和对欧洲和新热带鱼类通过的影响

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of ecohydraulics Pub Date : 2020-03-09 DOI:10.1080/24705357.2020.1713918
H. Santos, E. Dupont, Francisco Aracena, Joseph T. Dvorak, A. Pinheiro, Matheus Teotonio, Ablail Paula
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引用次数: 6

摘要

涵洞鱼道可以改善河流上游的鱼类通道,并与北美和澳大利亚的鱼类进行了相关研究。研究集中在其他地区的鱼类,同时,挡板对流动湍流的影响是罕见的。本文介绍了一种称为“阶梯管”的倾斜折流板涵洞的计算流体力学。我们的目的是评估:(1)流量是否满足新热带和欧洲物种的要求;(2)鱼道湍流度可接受;(3)水流限制了鱼类的活动。坡度为5%时的平均流速和流量为5 ~ 13 L/s,低于3种新热带物种piau (Leporinus reinhardti)、mandi (Pimelodus maculatus)和lambarus (Piabarchus stramineus)的持续流速,高于3种欧洲物种dace (Leuciscus Leuciscus)、Barbus (Barbus Barbus)和褐鳟(Salmo trutta)的持续流速。紊流特性,即紊流动能水平与类似涵洞产生的紊流动能水平相似,但高于鱼梯。挡板以30度角产生的水射流可以限制鱼的运动,抑制它们的跳跃。楼梯管道在世界不同地区对上游鱼类运动有改善作用;然而,进一步的实验研究应该关注在涵洞水流中使用不同的游泳模式。
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Stairs pipe culverts: flow simulations and implications for the passage of European and Neotropical fishes
Abstract Culvert fishways can improve upstream fish passage in brooks and have been studied in relation to North American and Australian species. Research focusing on fish species from other world regions and, in parallel, effect of baffles on flow turbulence is rare. In this paper we present computational fluid dynamics of a sloped baffle culvert, called “stairs pipe”. We aimed at evaluating if: (1) the flow met the requirements of Neotropical and European species; (2) the flow turbulence was acceptable for fish passage; (3) the flow limited fish movements. The average flow velocities for 5% slope and discharge rates of 5–13 L/s were lower than the prolonged speeds of three Neotropical species, namely, piau (Leporinus reinhardti), mandi (Pimelodus maculatus), and lambari (Piabarchus stramineus) and higher than the sustainable speeds of three European species, namely, dace (Leuciscus leuciscus), barbel (Barbus barbus), and brown trout (Salmo trutta). The turbulence flow characteristics i.e. levels of turbulence kinetic energy were similar to those produced by comparable culverts but higher than those in a fish ladder. The water jet created by baffles at an angle of 30° can limit fish movements, restraining them from jumping. The stairs pipe might improve upstream fish movement in different regions of world; nevertheless, further experimental research should concern the use of different swimming modes in the culvert flow.
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