马拉维中夏尔河流域土地利用和土地覆盖变化对恩库拉大坝的影响

M. K. Mzuza, Weiguo Zhang, F. Kapute, Xiaodao Wei
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引用次数: 8

摘要

利用地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感技术评估了非洲南部马拉维中部夏尔河流域26年期间的土地利用和土地覆盖变化。所研究的集水区分为两个部分,夏尔河的西部和东部。森林砍伐率很高,平均每年4.3%,在河流西侧更为明显。人口的迅速增长和国内生产总值的增加被认为是毁林和森林退化的主要驱动因素,原因是为农业清理大片田地、为城市住区扩大土地以及砍伐树木以获取木材燃料能源。夏尔河中部集水区的森林砍伐导致水土流失加剧,在下游的恩库拉B水电站大坝积聚了大量沉积物,从而造成了水力发电的严重问题。该地区频繁的干旱和洪水严重影响了作物生产,迫使人们砍伐树木以获取木炭作为生计策略。本研究中使用的GIS、遥感和社会经济因素等综合技术可以应用于发生类似挑战的其他地方。
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The Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on the Nkula Dam in the Middle Shire River Catchment, Malawi
Land use and land cover changes over a 26-year period for the middle Shire River catchment, Malawi, in southern Africa, were assessed using geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. The catchment area under study was divided into two sections, western and eastern sides of the Shire River. High rate of deforestation averaging 4.3% per annum was observed and more pronounced in the western side of the river. Rapid population growth and increase in gross domestic product (GDP) are identified as the major drivers of deforestation and forest degradation due to clearing of vast fields for agriculture, land expansion for urban settlement, and cutting down of trees for wood fuel energy. Deforestation in the middle Shire River catchment has resulted into increased soil loss through erosion causing huge accumulation of sediment at the Nkula B Hydroelectric Power Dam downstream and, consequently, causing serious problems with generation of hydroelectricity. Frequent droughts and floods in the area have drastically affected crop production forcing people into cutting down of trees for charcoal as a livelihood strategy. Combined techniques such as GIS, remote sensing, and socioeconomic factors used in this study could be applied in other places where similar challenges occur.
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