马克思主义的传播自由观

S. Splichal
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文是Slavko Splichal的著作Množično komuniciranje med svobodo in odtujitvijo(自由与异化之间的大众传播,第123-138页)1981年在斯洛文尼亚出版的“Produkcija in komuniciranje: nujnost in svoboda”(生产与传播:必要性与自由)部分的删节翻译,1979年该著作被作为博士论文发表。这篇文章是该主题最早的文章之一,从马克思后来对资本主义的经济批判的角度,从马克思在《第六届莱茵河省议会论文集》中对新闻自由的态度开始讨论,以显示人类交流与工作之间的内在联系。这种不可分割的联系是旨在将交流从工作和生产中“解放”出来的“批判理论”批判的出发点,哈贝马斯关于工作和交流的二元论就是例证。结语部分讨论了传播自由、理性和异化之间的关系,认为传播自由不能建立在其独立于工作(物质生产)的基础上,而只能建立在人类劳动的解放或非异化的基础上,并强调了如果不这样做的危险,生产资料国家和社会所有制、国家控制经济的一党制社会主义制度,将蜕化为私有制和垄断经济的多党制资本主义制度。在文章的后记中,作者回顾了40年后自我管理社会主义的政治和思想环境,这些环境塑造了“晚期社会主义”(即在社会主义崩溃之前和预示着崩溃的时期)传播和媒介研究的发展。
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A Marxist Approach to Communication Freedom
This article is an abridged translation of the section “Produkcija in komuniciranje: nujnost in svoboda” (Production and communication: necessity and freedom) of Slavko Splichal’s book Množično komuniciranje med svobodo in odtujitvijo (Mass Communication between Freedom and Alienation, pp. 123-138), published in Slovene in 1981 after it was defended as a doctoral thesis in 1979. The article, which was among the earliest on its topic, starts with the discussion of Marx’s approach to the freedom of the press in his “Proceedings of the Sixth Rhine Province Assembly”, from the perspective of his later economic critique of capitalism, to show the inherent connection between human communication and work. This indissoluble connection is the starting point of the critique of “critical theories” aiming at “liberating” communication from work and production, exemplified by Habermas’s dualistic conception of work and communication. The concluding part discusses the relationship between communication freedom, rationality, and alienation, arguing that the freedom of communication cannot be founded on its independence from work (material production), but only on the emancipation or disalienation of human labour, and emphasising the danger that, if this does not happen, one-party socialist system with state and social ownership of the means of production and state-controlled economy will deteriorate into a multiparty capitalist system with private ownership and monopolistic economy. The article is followed by an afterword in which the author writes in a retrospect, after 40 years, about political and intellectual circumstances of the self-management socialism, which shaped the development of communication and media studies in “late socialism” – i.e. in the period preceding and heralding the collapse of socialism.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
5.60%
发文量
14
审稿时长
16 weeks
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