{"title":"基本但脆弱:面对美国COVID-19大流行的墨西哥农场工人","authors":"R. Alarcón, Telésforo Ramírez-García","doi":"10.1525/msem.2022.38.1.114","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Como consecuencia de la pandemia del COVID-19, los trabajadores agrícolas en Estados Unidos fueron definidos por el Gobierno del expresidente Donald Trump como \"trabajadores esenciales\" a pesar de que la mitad de ellos son indocumentados. La mayor parte de estos trabajadores nacieron en México, y tanto los inmigrantes que ya residen en ese país como los que ingresan temporalmente con visas H-2A han continuado laborando para producir alimentos para toda la población. Este artículo analiza la participación laboral de estos trabajadores en Estados Unidos durante la pandemia y las condiciones socioeconómicas y laborales que los hacen especialmente vulnerables a ser infectados por el COVID-19. Los principales hallazgos revelan que, en 2020, los inmigrantes mexicanos, en comparación con el total de trabajadores estadounidenses, tuvieron la participación laboral más alta en actividades económicas consideradas como esenciales. A pesar de haber pasado de la invisibilidad a la visibilidad durante la pandemia, muchos trabajadores constituyen una población altamente vulnerable al coronavirus, especialmente los indocumentados que no cuentan con seguro médico. Asimismo, muchos trabajadores agrícolas poseen distintas comorbilidades, como diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial y obesidad, que constituyen factores de riesgo para el COVID-19.Abstract:As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, agricultural workers in the United States were defined by the administration of former president Donald Trump as \"essential workers,\" despite the fact that half of them are undocumented. Most of these workers were born in Mexico, and both the immigrants who already reside in that country and those who enter the United States temporarily with H-2A visas have continued to work to produce food for the entire population. This article analyzes the labor participation of Mexican immigrants in agricultural work in the United States during the pandemic and the socio-economic and working conditions that make them especially vulnerable to being infected with COVID-19. The study reveals that, in 2020, Mexican immigrants, in comparison with the total number of US workers, had the highest labor-force participation rate in economic activities considered essential. Despite transitioning from invisibility to visibility during the pandemic, many agricultural workers constitute a population that is highly vulnerable to the coronavirus, especially those who are undocumented and do not have health insurance. Moreover, many workers have different comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and obesity, that constitute risk factors for COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":44006,"journal":{"name":"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS","volume":"92 1","pages":"114 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Esenciales pero vulnerables: trabajadores agrícolas mexicanos ante la pandemia del COVID-19 en Estados Unidos\",\"authors\":\"R. Alarcón, Telésforo Ramírez-García\",\"doi\":\"10.1525/msem.2022.38.1.114\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Abstract:Como consecuencia de la pandemia del COVID-19, los trabajadores agrícolas en Estados Unidos fueron definidos por el Gobierno del expresidente Donald Trump como \\\"trabajadores esenciales\\\" a pesar de que la mitad de ellos son indocumentados. La mayor parte de estos trabajadores nacieron en México, y tanto los inmigrantes que ya residen en ese país como los que ingresan temporalmente con visas H-2A han continuado laborando para producir alimentos para toda la población. Este artículo analiza la participación laboral de estos trabajadores en Estados Unidos durante la pandemia y las condiciones socioeconómicas y laborales que los hacen especialmente vulnerables a ser infectados por el COVID-19. Los principales hallazgos revelan que, en 2020, los inmigrantes mexicanos, en comparación con el total de trabajadores estadounidenses, tuvieron la participación laboral más alta en actividades económicas consideradas como esenciales. A pesar de haber pasado de la invisibilidad a la visibilidad durante la pandemia, muchos trabajadores constituyen una población altamente vulnerable al coronavirus, especialmente los indocumentados que no cuentan con seguro médico. Asimismo, muchos trabajadores agrícolas poseen distintas comorbilidades, como diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial y obesidad, que constituyen factores de riesgo para el COVID-19.Abstract:As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, agricultural workers in the United States were defined by the administration of former president Donald Trump as \\\"essential workers,\\\" despite the fact that half of them are undocumented. Most of these workers were born in Mexico, and both the immigrants who already reside in that country and those who enter the United States temporarily with H-2A visas have continued to work to produce food for the entire population. This article analyzes the labor participation of Mexican immigrants in agricultural work in the United States during the pandemic and the socio-economic and working conditions that make them especially vulnerable to being infected with COVID-19. The study reveals that, in 2020, Mexican immigrants, in comparison with the total number of US workers, had the highest labor-force participation rate in economic activities considered essential. Despite transitioning from invisibility to visibility during the pandemic, many agricultural workers constitute a population that is highly vulnerable to the coronavirus, especially those who are undocumented and do not have health insurance. Moreover, many workers have different comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and obesity, that constitute risk factors for COVID-19.\",\"PeriodicalId\":44006,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS\",\"volume\":\"92 1\",\"pages\":\"114 - 139\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-02-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"2\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2022.38.1.114\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"历史学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"HISTORY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2022.38.1.114","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HISTORY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Esenciales pero vulnerables: trabajadores agrícolas mexicanos ante la pandemia del COVID-19 en Estados Unidos
Abstract:Como consecuencia de la pandemia del COVID-19, los trabajadores agrícolas en Estados Unidos fueron definidos por el Gobierno del expresidente Donald Trump como "trabajadores esenciales" a pesar de que la mitad de ellos son indocumentados. La mayor parte de estos trabajadores nacieron en México, y tanto los inmigrantes que ya residen en ese país como los que ingresan temporalmente con visas H-2A han continuado laborando para producir alimentos para toda la población. Este artículo analiza la participación laboral de estos trabajadores en Estados Unidos durante la pandemia y las condiciones socioeconómicas y laborales que los hacen especialmente vulnerables a ser infectados por el COVID-19. Los principales hallazgos revelan que, en 2020, los inmigrantes mexicanos, en comparación con el total de trabajadores estadounidenses, tuvieron la participación laboral más alta en actividades económicas consideradas como esenciales. A pesar de haber pasado de la invisibilidad a la visibilidad durante la pandemia, muchos trabajadores constituyen una población altamente vulnerable al coronavirus, especialmente los indocumentados que no cuentan con seguro médico. Asimismo, muchos trabajadores agrícolas poseen distintas comorbilidades, como diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial y obesidad, que constituyen factores de riesgo para el COVID-19.Abstract:As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, agricultural workers in the United States were defined by the administration of former president Donald Trump as "essential workers," despite the fact that half of them are undocumented. Most of these workers were born in Mexico, and both the immigrants who already reside in that country and those who enter the United States temporarily with H-2A visas have continued to work to produce food for the entire population. This article analyzes the labor participation of Mexican immigrants in agricultural work in the United States during the pandemic and the socio-economic and working conditions that make them especially vulnerable to being infected with COVID-19. The study reveals that, in 2020, Mexican immigrants, in comparison with the total number of US workers, had the highest labor-force participation rate in economic activities considered essential. Despite transitioning from invisibility to visibility during the pandemic, many agricultural workers constitute a population that is highly vulnerable to the coronavirus, especially those who are undocumented and do not have health insurance. Moreover, many workers have different comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and obesity, that constitute risk factors for COVID-19.
期刊介绍:
The rich cultural production and unique peoples of Mexico--coupled with the country"s complex history, political legacy, social character, economy, and scientific development--lay the foundation for the bilingual Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos, the only U.S. published academic journal of its kind. Journal articles in both English and Spanish are welcomed from a variety of multidisciplinary perspectives and methodologies, comparative analyses notwithstanding. All content published remains focused on the contributions to and knowledge of Mexican studies as a discipline.