综合数字增产岩心测试与建模方法对碳酸盐岩储层裂缝的控制

A. Yudin, AbdulMuqtadir Khan, R. Romanovskii, A. Alekseev, Dmitry Abdrazakov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

油田行业正在朝着减少二氧化碳排放和可持续发展的方向迅速转变。尽管碳氢化合物预计仍将是全球能源的主要来源,但除非在技术上取得新的突破,否则其生产成本可能会变得令人望而却步。幸运的是,IT行业的数字革命仍在加速发展。提出了一种针对致密地层的数字增产方法,利用一个行业的成果来解决另一个行业的挑战。裂缝流体力学和原位动力学模型与基于酸系统数字化的详细多物理场模型(包括从实验室实验中获得的流变学和流体-碳酸盐相互作用数据)结合在先进的模拟器中。在高压/高温(HP/HT)条件下,通过岩心驱替装置向岩心样品中泵送浓酸,实现了流体-岩石相互作用和流体泄漏的数字化。在广泛的范围内改变测试参数允许在模拟器中改进模型系数,以获得高精度的预测结果。在迭代实验方法中,使用数字槽概念验证物理模型。事实证明,该软件能够有效地验证多物理场模型,并在模拟器中进行先进的泥浆输送。精细的计算网格可以准确预测裂缝几何形状、蚀刻宽度和通道导电性,从而实现实际的油井产能预测。由于酸化增产组合中的多种流体系统已被数字化并整合到模拟器中,因此可以在实际的现场作业中优化复杂的酸压裂设计,包括延迟单相和多相酸系统、自转向粘弹性酸和纤维基转向系统。来自里海和中东地区的多个地区和油藏的几个案例研究表明,与常规压裂井相比,采用数字增产工作流程减少了酸量,取得了非常积极的油气生产效果。数字化增产工作流程为酸压裂优化提供了一种新的方法,该方法基于一个集成循环,通过强大的计算能力处理来自多个来源的高分辨率数据。从数字化岩心样品的酸反应开始,通过数字化流变学和多物理场模型中的颗粒输运,先进的数值模拟器根据多种酸系统选项、泵送速率、添加剂浓度和级体积进行优化设计,以实现裂缝内蚀刻通道的最佳几何形状。
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Control Over the Fracture in Carbonate Reservoirs as a Result of an Integrated Digital Stimulation Approach to Core Testing and Modeling
The oilfield industry is rapidly changing towards reduced CO2 emissions and sustainability. Although hydrocarbons are expected to remain the leading source for global energy, costs to produce them may become prohibitive unless new breakthrough in technology is established. Fortunately, the digital revolution in the IT industry continues at an accelerating pace. A digital stimulation approach for tight formations is presented, using the achievements of one industry to solve the challenges of another. The fracture hydrodynamics and in-situ kinetics model is incorporated in the advanced simulator together with the detailed multiphysics models based on acid systems digitization, including rheology and fluid- carbonate interactions data obtained from the laboratory experiments. Digitization of fluid-rock interaction and fluid leakoff was performed using a coreflooding setup that allowed pumping concentrated acids in core samples at high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) conditions. Varying the testing parameters across a broad range allowed refining the model coefficients in the simulator to obtain high accuracy in the predicted results. The digital slot concept was used to validate physical models in an iterative experimental approach. The software proved efficient at providing validation of multiphysics models used together with advanced slurry transport in the simulator. The fine computational grid allowed accurate predictions of the fracture geometry, etched width, and channel conductivity, resulting in realistic well productivity anticipations. Since multiple fluid systems of the acid stimulation portfolio were digitized and incorporated into the simulator, it was possible to optimize complex acid fracturing designs in the real field operations that included retarded single-phase and multiphase acid systems, self-diverting viscoelastic acids, and fiber- based diverting systems. Several case studies from multiple areas and reservoirs from Caspian and Middle East areas have demonstrated extremely positive oil and gas production results with reduced acid volumes with the digital stimulation workflow compared to conventionally stimulated offset wells. The digital stimulation workflow brings a new approach to acid fracturing optimization based on an integrated cycle in which high-resolution data from several sources are processed by powerful computing capacities. Starting from digitizing acid reactions with the core samples, through digitized rheology and particle transport in multiphysics models, an advanced numerical simulator tailors an optimum design from a number of acid system options, pumping rates, additive concentrations, and stage volumes to achieve best geometry of etched channels inside a fracture.
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