业内首创:成功控压裸眼砾石充填项目的概念选择、材料测试和建模过程

Chih-Cheng Lin, A. Tallin, Xueyong Guan, J. Kaura, Sasha F. Luces, S. Shayegi, K. W. Oyler, Ron Reutzel, M. LaPointe, Michael Teoh, T. Palisch, G. K. Wong
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引用次数: 0

摘要

该项目的主要技术挑战之一是将水平裸眼砾石充填(HzOHGP)放置在目标储层的窄孔隙压力-压裂梯度(PPFG)边界内。本文讨论了克服这一挑战所采取的步骤。为了最大限度地利用有限的PPFG余量,该项目将控压钻井(MPD)系统与超低泵注砾石速率相结合,并使用了超轻质支撑剂(ULWP)。在MPD系统中,可控泥浆液位(CML)系统比地面背压(SBP)系统更受青睐。它可以实现常规的砾石充填泵送作业和设备,并且可以适应抑制页岩所需的盐水重量。一系列实验室测试表明,只有使用CML才能达到抑制储层页岩反应性所需的完井液密度。对CML的综合评估表明,CML是最合适的,为砾石充填作业设计提供了最大的灵活性。特殊的陶瓷ULWP必须经过认证和测试。鉴定测试范围从标准API和兼容性测试到全尺寸流量回路测试。为了测量目标井筒几何形状的ULWP输送速度,需要进行流环测试。了解输送速度对于砾石充填设计和作业执行计划至关重要。一旦选择了MPD和陶瓷ULWP,就会对砾石充填作业进行模拟,以证明它们的特性增加了目标储层砾石充填成功的可能性。较小的PPFG保证金降低了放置HzOHGP的成功概率。在目标地层中,常规HzOHGP的压力裕度不足以安全实施;取而代之的是,该项目结合了MPD和低泵速,通过使用ULWP来控制循环压力,以保持在狭窄的间隙内并放置砾石充填。将CML和ULWP集成到砾石充填作业中以控制循环压力,这是前所未有的。该概念及其成功的现场实施是行业首创。
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An Industry First: Concept Selection, Material Testing, and Modelling Process for a Successful Managed Pressure Open Hole Gravel Pack Project
One of the major technical challenges to this project was placing horizontal open hole gravel packs (HzOHGP) within the narrow pore pressure to frac-gradient (PPFG) margin in the target reservoirs. This paper addresses the steps taken to overcome this challenge. To maximize the use of the narrow PPFG margin, the project combined a managed pressure drilling (MPD) system with low gravel placement pump rates made possible by an ultra-light-weight proppant (ULWP).  Of the MPD systems available, the Controlled Mud Level (CML) system was selected over the Surface Back Pressure (SBP) system for several reasons. It enabled conventional gravel pack pumping operations and equipment and it accommodated the brine weight needed to inhibit the shales. A series of lab tests showed that the completion fluid density required to inhibit the reservoir shale reactivity was only possible using CML. An overall evaluation of CML showed that it was most suitable and offered the greatest flexibility for the gravel pack job design. The special ceramic ULWP had to be qualified and tested.  The qualification testing ranged from standard API and compatibility tests to full scale flow loop testing. The flow loop tests were needed to measure the ULWP transport velocity for the target wellbore geometry. Understanding the transport velocity is critical for gravel pack design and job execution planning. Once MPD and ceramic ULWP were selected, the gravel pack placement operations were simulated to demonstrate that their features increased the likelihood of successfully gravel packing in the target reservoirs.  Small PPFG margins decrease the probability of success of placing a HzOHGP.  In the target formations, the pressure margin is insufficient to safely execute HzOHGP conventionally; instead, the project combined MPD and the low pump rates facilitated by using ULWP to control circulating pressures to stay inside the narrow margin and place the gravel packs. The integration of CML and ULWP into in a gravel pack operation to control circulating pressures has never been done. The concept and its successful field implementation are industry firsts.
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