阿瑟·米勒《推销员之死》中普通人的男子气概

Mukta Bahadur Nepali
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摘要

阿瑟·米勒(Arthur Miller) 1949年的《推销员之死》(Death of a Salesman)表现了工人阶级受到威胁的男子气概。本文试图论证,这种威胁不仅来自于主人公由于(害怕)失业而无法维护自己工人阶级的男性身份,还来自于雇主对理性的工具性运用和霸道的男性气质。它试图通过康奈尔(R. Connell)的“霸权男性气质”概念和2014年发表的关于现代男性气质危机的CALM报告来揭示这种威胁。假设是,米勒通过将男主角置于不利的境地来描绘这种威胁,使他处于无法维护自己男性身份的弱势地位。还有一种假设是,这种威胁会因男性主导地位的存在而进一步得到证实。本研究试图将剧作家对冲突中的男性意识及其在美国的结果戏剧化。这项研究是至关重要的,因为从下级或工人阶级男子气概的危机的角度来阅读这部戏剧是一个遥远的差距。
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Catch 22 of Common Man’s Masculinity in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman
Arthur Miller’s “Death of a Salesman” (1949) presents the working-class masculinity under threat. This paper has sought to argue that the threat is posed not only by the protagonist’s inability to assert his working-class masculine identity due to his (fear of) unemployment, but also by the instrumental use of reason by the employer and hegemonic masculinity. It has tried to unfold this threat in terms of R. Connell’s idea of ‘hegemonic masculinity’ and CALM report on crisis of modern masculinity published in 2014. The assumption is that Miller has depicted this threat by presenting the male protagonist in such an unfavorable situation that it relegates him to the vulnerable position of not being able to assert his masculine identity. It is also assumed that this threat is further validated by the presence of dominant masculinity. This research has sought to dramatize the playwright's consciousness of the masculinities in conflict and its outcome in America. This research is critically significant because reading this drama from the perspective of the crisis of subordinate or working-class masculinity is a far cry.
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