Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56211
Tara Nath Ghimire
This article discusses how decentralization laws have affected the implementation of federalism in Nepal, as well as when and how it started. Federalism and decentralization are different issues but the practice of decentralization in Nepal in different periods that has affected the existing governance system. Politics and state forms have also been influenced by modern and post-modern thought. This research focuses on the impact of decentralization laws on federalism. The study uses only secondary data to examine what old decentralization practices we reemployed during state restructuring in Nepal. Since ancient times, Nepal has been ruled by a unitary system. Nepal's institutionalized decentralization history is not long. Before Nepal's unification, there were various minor states. At that time, it was necessary to increase the state size based on power. Nepal does not have a long history of legal rule though decentralization has been used throughout history. Some of the effects of the old laws are reflected in the updated laws. This study examines how decentralization affects federalism throughout different historical periods. It reveals how old decentralization laws influenced federalism. Using descriptive and analytical methods, the study came to its conclusion.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56209
Nand Kishor Kumar
This paper presents the resolution of sine and cosine as an infinite product from Schlomilch method. It also discusses the convergence of the infinite products of sin θ and cos θ. Some important Series from Infinite Product has been evaluated.
{"title":"Convergence of Infinite Product by Schlömilch's Method","authors":"Nand Kishor Kumar","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56209","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the resolution of sine and cosine as an infinite product from Schlomilch method. It also discusses the convergence of the infinite products of sin θ and cos θ. Some important Series from Infinite Product has been evaluated.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76688473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56218
श्रीधर Shreedhar न्यौपाने Neupane
प्रस्तुत लेख पारिजातद्वारा लिखित शिरीषको फूल र ध्रुवचन्द्र गौतमद्वारा लिखित डापी उपन्यासको अस्तित्ववादी जीवनदृष्टिको मूलभूत मान्यता निस्सारताका कोणबाट गरिने तुलनात्मक अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । शिरीषको फूल र डापी उपन्यासमा अस्तित्ववादी निस्सारताको अभिव्यक्ति किन गरिएको हो भन्ने शोध्यप्रश्नको समाधानका लागि यी दुई उपन्यासको तुलनात्मक अध्ययन गरिने उद्देश्य यस अध्ययनमा राखिएको छ । स्वतन्त्र निर्णय गर्दै अस्तित्वका लागि प्रयत्नशील मानिसले भोग्नु परेका अनपेक्षित परिणाम, अभावजस्ता समस्याका कारण उसमा जीवनप्रति निरर्थकताको अनुभूति हुन्छ भन्ने मान्यता अस्तित्ववादी निस्सारताको रहेको छ । विवेच्य यी दुई उपन्यासका प्रमुख पात्रहरू सकमबरी, सुयोगवीर र विक्रमले अस्तित्वका लागि प्रयत्न गरिरहँदा भोग्नुपरेका अनपेक्षित परिणामका कारण निस्सारताको अनुभूति गरेको कुरालाई विषयबद्ध गरिएको छ । बहुसत्यमा विश्वास गरिएको यो गुणात्मक अध्ययनमा तत्त्वमीमांसा, ज्ञानमीमांसा र मूल्यमीमांसाका बीचमा समन्वय कायम गरिएको छ । पाठ विश्लेषण पद्धतिको अवलम्बन गरिएको यस अध्ययनमा उपन्यासका साक्ष्यका आधारमा निस्सारताको विश्लेषण गरिएकाले निगमनात्मक शोधविधि अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । अस्तित्वकालागि प्रयत्नशील मानिसले भोग्नुपर्ने समस्याका कारण उसमा जीवनप्रति निस्सारताको अनुभूति हुन्छ भन्ने लोकका लागि उपयोगी ज्ञानको सञ्चार यी दुई उपन्यासले गरेका छन् भन्ने निष्कर्ष यस अध्ययनको रहेको छ । अस्तित्ववादी निस्सारताको मर्म अनुकूल निर्मित उपकरणका आधारमायी दुई उपन्यासका बीचमा गरिएको तुलना नवीन, मौलिक र प्राज्ञिक दृष्टिले महत्वपूर्ण रहेकाले अन्य अध्येताका लागि उपयोगी हुनु यस अध्ययनको उपलब्धि रहेको छ ।
{"title":"शिरीषको फूल र डापी उपन्यासमा अस्तित्ववादी निस्सारता","authors":"श्रीधर Shreedhar न्यौपाने Neupane","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56218","url":null,"abstract":"प्रस्तुत लेख पारिजातद्वारा लिखित शिरीषको फूल र ध्रुवचन्द्र गौतमद्वारा लिखित डापी उपन्यासको अस्तित्ववादी जीवनदृष्टिको मूलभूत मान्यता निस्सारताका कोणबाट गरिने तुलनात्मक अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । शिरीषको फूल र डापी उपन्यासमा अस्तित्ववादी निस्सारताको अभिव्यक्ति किन गरिएको हो भन्ने शोध्यप्रश्नको समाधानका लागि यी दुई उपन्यासको तुलनात्मक अध्ययन गरिने उद्देश्य यस अध्ययनमा राखिएको छ । स्वतन्त्र निर्णय गर्दै अस्तित्वका लागि प्रयत्नशील मानिसले भोग्नु परेका अनपेक्षित परिणाम, अभावजस्ता समस्याका कारण उसमा जीवनप्रति निरर्थकताको अनुभूति हुन्छ भन्ने मान्यता अस्तित्ववादी निस्सारताको रहेको छ । विवेच्य यी दुई उपन्यासका प्रमुख पात्रहरू सकमबरी, सुयोगवीर र विक्रमले अस्तित्वका लागि प्रयत्न गरिरहँदा भोग्नुपरेका अनपेक्षित परिणामका कारण निस्सारताको अनुभूति गरेको कुरालाई विषयबद्ध गरिएको छ । बहुसत्यमा विश्वास गरिएको यो गुणात्मक अध्ययनमा तत्त्वमीमांसा, ज्ञानमीमांसा र मूल्यमीमांसाका बीचमा समन्वय कायम गरिएको छ । पाठ विश्लेषण पद्धतिको अवलम्बन गरिएको यस अध्ययनमा उपन्यासका साक्ष्यका आधारमा निस्सारताको विश्लेषण गरिएकाले निगमनात्मक शोधविधि अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । अस्तित्वकालागि प्रयत्नशील मानिसले भोग्नुपर्ने समस्याका कारण उसमा जीवनप्रति निस्सारताको अनुभूति हुन्छ भन्ने लोकका लागि उपयोगी ज्ञानको सञ्चार यी दुई उपन्यासले गरेका छन् भन्ने निष्कर्ष यस अध्ययनको रहेको छ । अस्तित्ववादी निस्सारताको मर्म अनुकूल निर्मित उपकरणका आधारमायी दुई उपन्यासका बीचमा गरिएको तुलना नवीन, मौलिक र प्राज्ञिक दृष्टिले महत्वपूर्ण रहेकाले अन्य अध्येताका लागि उपयोगी हुनु यस अध्ययनको उपलब्धि रहेको छ ।","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82923622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56140
L. Rai, R. Gautam
Globally, non-communicable diseases are increasing in trend in both developed and developing countries. Hypertension is considered as one of the main cardiovascular disease which is responsible for life threatening complications and premature death. Knowledge and treatment adherence on hypertension are important to control hypertension and prevent long term complications. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to find out the knowledge and treatment compliance among hypertensive patients in a Tertiary level hospital. on-probability sampling technique was used to collect data from 427 people with hypertension through in-person interview. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 16. Descriptive and inferential statistics was calculated. Out of 427 study participants, half (46.1%) were belong to more than 60 years of age with mean age was 57.30, SD ±12.134, half (55.3%) of the participants were female, 30.44% have positive family history of hypertension and 62.30% had co morbidity. Regarding knowledge on hypertension, more than half (57.8%) of the participants had inadequate knowledge related to hypertension. Overall treatment compliance was poor (6.1%). There was no significant association between knowledge and treatment compliances. So, it is recommended to conduct awareness program related to risk factors and modification of life-style of the people.
{"title":"Knowledge and Treatment Complience among Hypertensive Patient Attending in a Tertiary Level Hospital, Kathmandu","authors":"L. Rai, R. Gautam","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56140","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, non-communicable diseases are increasing in trend in both developed and developing countries. Hypertension is considered as one of the main cardiovascular disease which is responsible for life threatening complications and premature death. Knowledge and treatment adherence on hypertension are important to control hypertension and prevent long term complications. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to find out the knowledge and treatment compliance among hypertensive patients in a Tertiary level hospital. on-probability sampling technique was used to collect data from 427 people with hypertension through in-person interview. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 16. Descriptive and inferential statistics was calculated. Out of 427 study participants, half (46.1%) were belong to more than 60 years of age with mean age was 57.30, SD ±12.134, half (55.3%) of the participants were female, 30.44% have positive family history of hypertension and 62.30% had co morbidity. Regarding knowledge on hypertension, more than half (57.8%) of the participants had inadequate knowledge related to hypertension. Overall treatment compliance was poor (6.1%). There was no significant association between knowledge and treatment compliances. So, it is recommended to conduct awareness program related to risk factors and modification of life-style of the people.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89661194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56214
गुरुप्रसाद Guruprasad पोखरेल Pokhrel
गाउँको सन्देश (२०१०) कथासङ्ग्रहमा सङ्गृहीत ‘दसैँ’ र ‘सहीको सही’ कथामा तत्कालीन सामन्ती संरचनायुक्त समाजमा विद्यमान उच्चवर्गीय र निम्नवर्गीय चिन्तन, सोच, चरित्र र तिनका व्यवहारको प्रतिनिधित्व गराई निम्नवर्गीय जीवनका समग्र यथार्थलाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । सर्वेक्षण, सूक्ष्म पठन तथा पाठ विश्लेषणको विधि प्रयोग गरी समग्रमा विश्लेषणात्मक विधिमार्फत सामान्यीकृत निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको ‘दसैँ’ र ‘सहीको सही’ कथामा सांस्कृतिक अध्ययन अन्तर्गत वर्गीय शक्तिसम्बन्धको खोजी र विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यी कथामा उच्चवर्ग र निम्नवर्गबीचमा रहेको असमान, असन्तुलित र शत्रुतापूर्ण वर्गीय शक्तिसम्बन्धलाई देखाइएको छ । विश्लेष्य कथामा तत्कालीन समाजमा सामन्तवादी विमर्शात्मक संरचनायुक्त सञ्चेतना क्रियाशील रहेका कारण उत्पादनका साधनमाथि उच्चवर्गीय वर्चस्व कायम भएको छ र त्यसबाट निर्मित र प्रसारित ज्ञानका कारण वर्गीय शक्तिसम्बन्ध धमिलिई शत्रुतापूर्ण बनेको देखाइएको छ । तत्कालीन समाजमा उत्पादनका सबै साधनमाथि उच्चवर्गको वर्चस्व रहेको हुनाले वितरण प्रणाली र सामाजिक प्रभुत्वमा पनि उच्चवर्गकै आधिपत्य स्थापित भएको देखाइएको छ । यी कथामा वर्गीय विभेद, दमन र तत्कालीन समाज स्थापित सामन्ती ढाँचाको विमर्शात्मक संरचनाले उच्चवर्गलाई शासक र निम्नवर्गलाई शासितको स्थान तय गरिदिएर उच्चवर्गीय दमन, उत्पीडन र शोषणका लागि आधार तयार पारेको देखाइएको छ । तत्कालीन केन्द्रीय तथा स्थानीय सत्तामा सामन्तवादी उच्चवर्गकै वर्चस्व रहेका कारण निम्नवर्ग आवाजविहीन र निमुखो बन्न पुगेको देखिन्छ । त्यसै गरी केन्द्रीय सत्तासम्मको पहुँच समेत उच्चवर्गकै भएका कारण श्रमको मूल्य निर्धारण, सामाजिक न्याय, श्रमको अतिरिक्त मूल्यको शोषणजस्ता कार्यमा उच्चवर्गले छुट पाएको तथ्य निष्कर्षका रूपमा उक्त कथामा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
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Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56221
जनार्दन Janardan घिमिरे Ghimire
आधुनिक पश्चिमी शिक्षा प्रणालीले वैदिक दर्शनमा निहित शैक्षिक विचारहरूमा छायाँ पारिरहेको परिवेशमा वैदिक ग्रन्थमा के कस्ता शिक्षण विधिहरू छन् भन्ने जिज्ञासा समाधान गर्ने ध्येयले यो लेख तयार गरिएको छ । उपनिषद्मा वर्णित तत्वज्ञानका विधिलाई कसरी बुझ्न सकिएला ? ती विधिहरूको वर्तमान शिक्षा व्यवस्थामा के उपादेयता हुन सक्ला ? भन्ने दुई प्रश्नहरूको उत्तर खोज्न यो लेख केन्द्रित छ । शास्त्रहरूको अध्ययन गरी त्यसमा निहित अर्थको व्याख्या गर्न प्रचलित हर्मेन्यूटिक विधिको प्रयोगद्वारा सूचना निर्माण र व्याख्या गरिएको छ । उपनिषदमा वर्णित श्रवणलाई विभिन्न छ चरणमा अर्थपूर्ण तरिकाले सुन्ने प्रक्रियाको रूपमा बुझ्न सकिँदो रहेछ । श्रवण गरिएको ज्ञानलाई वाद, जल्प र वितण्डा जस्ता प्रक्रियाहरूबाट स्वीकार, इन्कार वा मूल्याङ्कन गर्ने प्रक्रिया मनन रहेछ । मननबाट सुनिश्चित वा सन्देहरहित भएकोज्ञानलाई व्यवहारमा रूपान्तरण गर्ने प्रक्रियालाई निदिध्यासन भनिँदो रहेछ । यी विधिहरू विशेष रहेछन् । तत्वज्ञानका अभिलाषी साधकहरू र सांसारिक ज्ञानआर्जन गर्न चाहने विद्यार्थीहरू दुवैका लागि यी विधिहरू फलदायी रहेछन् । अनौपचारिक र औपचारिक शिक्षाका तल्ला तहदेखि उच्च तहसम्मका जुनसुकै विषयको शिक्षणमा पनि यी विधिहरू सान्दर्भिक देखिन्छन् । यसले वैदिक ग्रन्थहरूको उपादेयता पुष्टि गर्छ । वैदिक चिन्तन परम्परामा यस्ता उपयोगी ज्ञानहरू धेरै हुन सक्छन, जुन हामीलाई थाहा नभई रहेको हुन सक्छ । अतः प्राज्ञिक समुदायले वैदिकग्रन्थहरूको अध्ययन अनुसन्धानमा चासो राख्नुपर्ने देखिन्छ ।
{"title":"वैदिक शिक्षण विधि : श्रवण, मनन, निदिध्यासनः र वर्तमान शिक्षण प्रणालीमा उपादेयता","authors":"जनार्दन Janardan घिमिरे Ghimire","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56221","url":null,"abstract":"आधुनिक पश्चिमी शिक्षा प्रणालीले वैदिक दर्शनमा निहित शैक्षिक विचारहरूमा छायाँ पारिरहेको परिवेशमा वैदिक ग्रन्थमा के कस्ता शिक्षण विधिहरू छन् भन्ने जिज्ञासा समाधान गर्ने ध्येयले यो लेख तयार गरिएको छ । उपनिषद्मा वर्णित तत्वज्ञानका विधिलाई कसरी बुझ्न सकिएला ? ती विधिहरूको वर्तमान शिक्षा व्यवस्थामा के उपादेयता हुन सक्ला ? भन्ने दुई प्रश्नहरूको उत्तर खोज्न यो लेख केन्द्रित छ । शास्त्रहरूको अध्ययन गरी त्यसमा निहित अर्थको व्याख्या गर्न प्रचलित हर्मेन्यूटिक विधिको प्रयोगद्वारा सूचना निर्माण र व्याख्या गरिएको छ । उपनिषदमा वर्णित श्रवणलाई विभिन्न छ चरणमा अर्थपूर्ण तरिकाले सुन्ने प्रक्रियाको रूपमा बुझ्न सकिँदो रहेछ । श्रवण गरिएको ज्ञानलाई वाद, जल्प र वितण्डा जस्ता प्रक्रियाहरूबाट स्वीकार, इन्कार वा मूल्याङ्कन गर्ने प्रक्रिया मनन रहेछ । मननबाट सुनिश्चित वा सन्देहरहित भएकोज्ञानलाई व्यवहारमा रूपान्तरण गर्ने प्रक्रियालाई निदिध्यासन भनिँदो रहेछ । यी विधिहरू विशेष रहेछन् । तत्वज्ञानका अभिलाषी साधकहरू र सांसारिक ज्ञानआर्जन गर्न चाहने विद्यार्थीहरू दुवैका लागि यी विधिहरू फलदायी रहेछन् । अनौपचारिक र औपचारिक शिक्षाका तल्ला तहदेखि उच्च तहसम्मका जुनसुकै विषयको शिक्षणमा पनि यी विधिहरू सान्दर्भिक देखिन्छन् । यसले वैदिक ग्रन्थहरूको उपादेयता पुष्टि गर्छ । वैदिक चिन्तन परम्परामा यस्ता उपयोगी ज्ञानहरू धेरै हुन सक्छन, जुन हामीलाई थाहा नभई रहेको हुन सक्छ । अतः प्राज्ञिक समुदायले वैदिकग्रन्थहरूको अध्ययन अनुसन्धानमा चासो राख्नुपर्ने देखिन्छ ।","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"72 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83687224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56142
Suman Kharel, H. Neupane, M. Adhikari, K. Regmi
Developing cooperatives is one of the important approaches to improve the farmer’s performance. In this paper we used the data collected from western plain of Nepal and applied an endogenous switch regression model in order to study the relationship of farmers’ membership in cooperative with benefit cost ratio of rice and wheat production. The findings show high benefit cost ratio for cooperative farmers in both rice and wheat. The findings also reveal higher amount of inputs use among the cooperative farmers as compared to the non-cooperative farmers. The disaggregation based on land area shows that farmers with small landholdings are more benefited from cooperative however cooperative membership evidence is more in farmers with higher land holdings. Our findings highlight that smallholdersshould be provided with assistance to be involved in cooperatives for higher benefit from cereal farming.
{"title":"Effect of Cooperative Membership on Performance of Farmers: Evidence of Cereal Farmers from Plain Region (Terai) of Nepal","authors":"Suman Kharel, H. Neupane, M. Adhikari, K. Regmi","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56142","url":null,"abstract":"Developing cooperatives is one of the important approaches to improve the farmer’s performance. In this paper we used the data collected from western plain of Nepal and applied an endogenous switch regression model in order to study the relationship of farmers’ membership in cooperative with benefit cost ratio of rice and wheat production. The findings show high benefit cost ratio for cooperative farmers in both rice and wheat. The findings also reveal higher amount of inputs use among the cooperative farmers as compared to the non-cooperative farmers. The disaggregation based on land area shows that farmers with small landholdings are more benefited from cooperative however cooperative membership evidence is more in farmers with higher land holdings. Our findings highlight that smallholdersshould be provided with assistance to be involved in cooperatives for higher benefit from cereal farming.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75628375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56143
Prakash Sharma
Anthropocentric worldview is the main cause of the ecological problems that the world is confronting at present. This study explores and analyze how Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake reveals the reversal of the anthropocentric worldview as the only solution of the ecological problems caused by human centric worldview by employing eco critical insights envisioned by Lawrence Buell. The study scrutinize the way our rationality rejects the subjectivity of nature and regards it as subordinate to human beings in the novel. Therefore, there is a strong need to change our worldview. It follows qualitative research design and uses critical, analytical and interpretative methods for interpreting textual data. Critically analyzing different events and situations that highlight the ugliness and cruelty caused by human-centered activities, it emphasizes people’s indifference towards the autonomy of the natural world. Similarly, it critiques the selfish modification of natural components as per human need. Such actions have paved the path for apocalyptic events. Human beings can avoid such events by changing their anthropocentric worldview and making it more eco centric. This research exposes the way Atwood blames anthropocentric worldview as the main cause of the environmental crisis of present time. Self-centric corporate greed and uncontrolled bioengineering give birth to different ecological and biological problems. These problems lead the world to the possible apocalypse that results in the extinction of the existence of all the beings and things of the ecosphere. This study recommends immediate action to protect our ecosphere respecting the interdependence between human and natural world. Ecocentric worldview only guarantees the survival of all on this earth enjoying intrinsic values.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56144
Purna Bahadur Kadel
This study analyse on the issues of teaching practice through the lenses of internal supervisors. It is an attempt to explore whether the pre-service teachers were provided with adequate comments and feedbacks from their supervisors during on-campus and off-campus activities; whether the assigned tasks were appropriate for them and what challenges of teaching practice existed in Master of English Education. Phenomenological research design was adopted to carry out hits study. Ten English teachers were selected non-randomly from constituent and affiliated colleges of Tribhuvan University as a sample to elicit data to address the research questions of this study. The findings of this study showed that there were lack of proper feedbacks and comments both from their peers and supervisors; teaching practice has been taken as rituals; the pre-service teachers could be engaged professionally through proper management of teaching practice; the main root causes of being ineffective of teaching practice were lack of proper exposure of item construction and analysis, inadequate amount of remuneration to supervisors. It is concluded that the course of teaching practice under the Faculty of Education should be revamped and revisited in order to produce competent efficient and professional English teachers in both content and pedagogical techniques.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56215
त्रिभुवन Tribhuvan बरई Barai
प्रस्तुत लेखमा लैङ्गिक समालोचनाको सिद्धान्तको केन्द्रीयतामा विजय मल्लको अनुराधा उपन्यासको मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको छ । लैङ्गिकताका दृष्टिकोणले विजय मल्लको अनुराधा उपन्यास कस्तो रहेको छ भन्ने जिज्ञासाको परिपूर्ति गर्नाका निम्ति यो अध्ययन गरिएको हो । लैङ्गिक समालोचनाको सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारलाई आधार मानी प्राथमिक एबम म्द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्रीको उपयोग गरी निगमनात्मक, गुणात्मक र पाठविश्लेषणात्मक शोधविधि अपनाई यस लेखलाई पूर्णता प्रदान गरिएको छ । लैङ्गिक विभेदको दुष्परिणतिको यथार्थाङ्कन, नारीपात्रको सशक्त र सक्रिय प्रतिनिधित्व, नारीको विद्रोही र प्रतिरोधी स्वरको अभिव्यक्ति एवम् लैङ्गिक समानता र स्वतन्त्रताप्रतिको अपेक्षाजस्ता प्रारूपका आधारमा उक्त उपन्यासको मूल्यनिरूपण यस लेखमा गरिएको छ र यस लेखको अन्त्यमा उक्त उपन्यासले लैङ्गिक समविकासको अवधारणाको प्रस्तुतिका माध्यमबाट लोककल्याणको भाव अभिव्यक्त गर्न खोजेको अभिमत पत्ता लगाउनु, स्रष्टालाई उत्पीडित समुदायको समस्याको उठानका माध्यमबाट जनहितकारी साहित्यको सिर्जना गर्न, द्रष्टा र अनुसन्धातालाई लैङ्गिकताको मौलिक विश्लेषण पद्धति अपनाई साहित्यिक कृतिको मूल्यनिरूपण गर्न तथा पाठकलाई लैङ्गिक समविकासको अवधारणा अनुसारको आचरण र व्यवहार स्विकारी मानवीय जीवनमूल्यको महत्व र गरिमा कायम गर्न अभिप्रेरित गरेको कुरालाई निष्कर्षका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
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