营养方法在自闭症谱系障碍儿童综合治疗中的应用

M. Belousova, E. Morozova, E. G. Gomsina
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摘要

本文讨论了现代科学数据表明宫内和出生后早期宏微量元素缺乏对胎儿神经发生和儿童进一步认知发展的影响。介绍了自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的发展特点,包括饮食行为的形成、在感官解体框架下对食物的选择性表现、由于“新奇回避”而对饮食的自我限制。ASD儿童的营养失调,从早期就观察到,往往伴随或引起胃肠疾病的表现,需要及时治疗,包括饮食治疗。自闭症儿童的家庭所面临的喂养困难往往迫使父母用各种饮食来自我治疗,这些饮食的平衡和有效性往往是非常值得怀疑的。本文讨论了由营养学家规定和控制的饮食的积极作用,并讨论了自我治疗的风险。作者强调了纠正ASD儿童饮食失调的必要性,以及胃肠病学家和营养学家参与ASD儿童跨学科综合支持的重要性。
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Nutritional approaches used in the complex therapy of children with autism spectrum disorder
The article discusses the modern scientific data demonstrating the influence of intrauterine and early postnatal macro- and microelement deficiency on fetal neurogenesis and further cognitive development of the child. The features of the development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are given, including the formation of eating behavior, manifestations of selectivity in food within the framework of sensory disintegration, self-restriction of the diet due to «novelty avoidance». Nutritional disorders in children with ASD, observed from an early age, are often accompanied, or cause the manifestation of gastroenterological disorders that require timely treatment, including diet therapy. The feeding difficulties faced by the family of a child with ASD often push parents to self-treat with various diets, the balance and effectiveness of which are often very questionable. The article discusses the positive effects of diets prescribed and controlled by nutritionists and discusses the risks of self-treatment. The authors emphasize the necessity of correcting eating disorders in children with ASD and the importance of a gastroenterologist and nutritionist participation in the interdisciplinary complex support of children with ASD.
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