产业融合时代美国与欧盟竞争政策分析

G. Kang, Y. Jang, Tae Hyun Oh, J. Rim
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摘要

在跨行业融合的时代,谷歌、苹果、Facebook和亚马逊等大型数字平台滥用大量市场力量,以及它们越来越多地收购怀疑消除潜在竞争对手的中小型科技公司,是ICT行业最近的代表性问题。本文讨论了替代竞争政策,以有效地应对数字平台经济等不断变化的竞争环境中企业的反竞争行为。在这方面,我们研究了美国和欧盟对ICT公司反竞争行为的竞争政策反应,以便为我们的竞争监管机构提供政策启示。根据我们的案例研究,美国和欧盟的竞争和法律当局在断定企业行为是否反竞争时,会考虑数字平台经济的特征。进一步,我们发现Facebook对WhatsApp的收购产生了小费效应,损害了市场竞争。鉴于这些结果,我们建议我国竞争主管部门在实施行业间融合时代的竞争政策时必须考虑创新与竞争之间的平衡。
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Analysis of Competition Policies between U.S. And EU in the Era of Inter-Industry Convergence
In the era of inter-industry convergence, abuses of substantial market power by large digital platforms such as Google, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon, and their increasing number of acquisitions towards small- and medium-sized tech-firms suspicious of eliminating potential competitors are recent representative issues in the ICT sector. Alternative competition policies have been discussed to effectively deal with those firms’ anti-competitive behaviors in a changing environment of competition such as a digital platform economy instead of traditional policies. In this regard, we examine the U.S. and EU competition policy responses to ICT firms’ anti-competitive behaviors in order to provide policy implications to our competition authority. According to our case studies, the U.S. and EU competition and legal authorities consider characteristics of the digital platform economy when they conclude whether firm behaviors are anti-competitive. Furthermore, we find that Facebook's acquisition of WhatsApp leads to a tipping effect and harms market competition. Given these results, we suggest that our competition authority has to consider the balance between innovation and competition when they implement competition policies in the era of inter-industry convergence.
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