Insights from apatite and zircon geochemistry into peraluminous I-type granitoid: A case study of granodiorite porphyry and lamprophyre in Baoshan, China

Granitoids are the most important component of continental crust, yet there has been debate regarding the classification and petrogenesis of peraluminous I- and S-type. As a result of fractional crystallizing and crustal contamination, whole-rock geochemistry sometimes fails to accurately reflect the type of primitive magma. Recent studies, however, suggest that the accessory mineral compositions can shed light on the character and petrogenesis of their primitive magma. In this contribution, we use apatite and zircon as indicators to explore the distinctions between peraluminous I- and S-type granitoids, and the petrogenesis of typical peraluminous I-type granitoids (Baoshan granitoids). Apatite trace elements indicate that their initial magma was mafic I-type, even though whole-rock compositions appear to be the hybrids of I- and S-type granitoids. Additionally, we propose that the assimilation and fractional crystallization processes are responsible for the decoupling between the compositions of whole-rock and accessory minerals. The compositions and isotopes of zircon can also reveal the components of the magma source region. The zircons ε_Hf(t) values of the Baoshan granodiorite porphyry and lamprophyre have comparable _Hf(t) values (−9.5 to −6.2 and −12.5 to −6.2, respectively). Based on the spotting of ~900 Ma inherited zircons and enriched ε_Hf(t) values, we propose that the granitoids were formed by the partial melting of felsic Paleoproterozoic crust and a little of Neoproterozoic mafic juvenile crust, while lamprophyre was generated by the cooling of upwelling magma from the same source region as granitoids. According to the apatite trace element ratios (Sr/Th vs. La/Sm), the source region of the Baoshan intrusion is identified to been metasomatized by slab-derived fluid. Our data, in conjunction with previous studies, suggest that the paleo-Pacific slab roll-back triggered the high-temperature asthenosphere mantle upwelling, while the assimilation and fractional crystallization occurring along with the rising melts in route to the surface.