三色黑鸟对奶牛场昆虫的依赖

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Western Birds Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI:10.21199/wb54.3.2
David M. Goodward, Rudy A. Diaz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于栖息地丧失和其他因素,三色黑鸟的数量已经严重下降。它现在严重依赖于农业景观,比如觅食的干草地和筑巢的谷物地。众所周知,奶牛场全年以从牛饲料中收集的谷物的形式提供集中的食物来源。然而,为了筑巢,三色黑鸟需要大量的昆虫来喂养它们的幼鸟。在南加州河滨县的圣哈辛托山谷,一群三色黑鸟用附近奶牛场的大量家蝇和奶牛排出的池塘里的雄蜂幼虫喂养它们的后代。在这个群体中,67%的雏鸟食物来自奶牛场,另外13%来自邻近的干草田。大多数其他昆虫来自湿地附近的灌溉杂草生长。由于城市化正在取代圣哈辛托山谷和加州许多其他地区的乳制品工业,对黑鹂来说,如此强烈地依赖乳制品是有风险的。黑鹂面临的另一个潜在风险是在奶牛场使用杀虫剂来控制苍蝇。建议进一步研究,以确定这种利用来自奶牛场的苍蝇在加州是否普遍。研究还需要量化干旱地区昆虫数量的减少,以及这可能如何影响三色黑鸟的繁殖成功。
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Tricolored Blackbirds’ Reliance on Insects from Dairies
The Tricolored Blackbird has been in a severe population decline due to habitat loss and other factors. It is now heavily dependent on agricultural landscapes such as hay fields for foraging and grain fields for nesting. Dairies are known to provide a concentrated food source throughout the year in the form of grain gleaned from cattle feed. For nesting, however, Tricolored Blackbirds require large quantities of insects for their young. A colony of Tricolored Blackbirds in the San Jacinto Valley, Riverside County, in southern California, fed their young large numbers of house flies from nearby dairy-cattle yards, as well as drone fly larvae from dairy-effluent ponds. At this colony, 67% of the nestlings’ food came from the dairy and another 13% from the adjacent hay fields. Most other insects came from irrigated weedy growth adjacent to wetlands. Such an intense reliance on dairies is risky for the blackbirds as urbanization is displacing the dairy industry in the San Jacinto Valley and many other areas of California. Another potential risk to the blackbirds is the use of pesticides at dairies for fly control. Further research is recommended to determine if this utilization of flies from dairies is widespread in California. Research is also needed to quantify the decrease of insects in drought-stricken landscapes and how this may affect the Tricolored Blackbird’s reproductive success.
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Western Birds
Western Birds Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology
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