乙醇消耗和先天神经免疫

Stefania CiafrÃ, Valentina Carito, P. Tirassa, G. Ferraguti, M. L. Attilia, P. Ciolli, M. Messina, M. Ceccanti, M. Fiore
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引用次数: 20

摘要

来自人类和动物模型的新兴研究表明,乙醇在先天免疫系统调节中的作用,特别是在中枢神经系统中。先天免疫受体,toll样受体和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样(nod样)受体的激活,触发了促炎细胞因子和趋化因子产生的信号通路,进而引发神经炎症和神经损伤。在杏仁核、海马体和额叶皮质等特定大脑区域,神经免疫系统对乙醇摄入的反应与成瘾和酒精中毒中观察到的行为缺陷有关。在小鼠模型中,敲除toll样或nod样受体可消除乙醇对免疫系统的大部分影响,并使这些小鼠免受神经损伤、神经炎症和酒精依赖。免疫系统途径的分子靶向是一个新的和有前途的研究领域,用于发现新的神经炎症生物标志物和开发新的药物疗法,以治疗乙醇成瘾的神经和行为后果。Biomed Rev 2017;28: 49 - 61。关键词:乙醇成瘾,神经炎症,神经免疫,toll样受体,nod样受体,炎症小体
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Ethanol Consumption and Innate Neuroimmunity
Emerging researches from human and animal models have shown the role of ethanol in innate immune system modulation, particularly in the central nervous system. The activation of receptors of the innate immunity, Toll-like receptors and nucleotide- binding oligomerization domain-like (NOD-like) receptors, triggers the signaling pathways that bring to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which, in turn, provokes neuroinflammation and neural damage. The neuroimmune system response to ethanol intake, in specific brain regions such as amygdala, hippocampus and frontal cortex, is involved in addiction and in behavioural deficits observed in alcoholism. In murine models, the knockout for Toll-like or NODlike receptors abolishes most of the effects of ethanol on the immune system and preserves these mice from neural damage, neuroinflammation and alcohol dependence. Molecular targeting of immune system pathways is a new and promising area of research for the discovery of new biomarkers for neuroinflammation and for the development of novel pharmacotherapies in order to treat neurological and behavioural consequences of ethanol addiction. Biomed Rev 2017; 28: 49-61. Keywords: ethanol addiction, neuroinflammation, neuroimmunity, Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, inflammasomes
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