E. Castroviejo, José V. Hernández-Conde, Dimitra Lazaridou-Chatzigoga, Marta Ponciano, Agustín Vicente
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引用次数: 0
摘要
摘要:本文报道了一项实验,研究了西班牙语中两种不同的概括表达之间的解释差异。特别是,我们的目的是找出在讲西班牙语的两个不同年龄组(4/5岁和8/9岁)的儿童中,什么时候获得了诸如“老虎有条纹”这样的一般陈述(GS)和诸如“所有老虎有条纹”这样的普遍量化陈述(UQS)之间的区别,然后将这些结果与成人的结果进行比较。本研究的出发点是GS和UQS之间的语义区别,因为前者承认例外,而后者则不同。另一方面,一些作者已经观察到一种通用的过度一般化效应(GOG),包括允许UQS在面对异常时表现得很好,因此提出这种“错误”源于GS是默认的(更简单,更容易学习和处理)。在本论文中,我们旨在通过比较三个不同年龄段的GS和UQS来检验“通用作为默认”(GaD)假设。我们的数据表明,总体而言,GS的精度大于UQS的精度。此外,我们还证实了年龄和NP类型(GS vs UQS)之间的假设相互作用。此外,我们还提供了一些GaD无法预测的数据点,包括观察到的年龄较大的儿童和成人的GS准确性下降,以及儿童无法拒绝不被认为是真实概括的陈述。
Are Generics Defaults? A Study on the Interpretation of Generics and Universals in 3 Age-Groups of Spanish-Speaking Individuals
ABSTRACT This paper reports an experiment that investigates interpretive distinctions between two different expressions of generalization in Spanish. In particular, our aim was to find out when the distinction between generic statements (GS) such as Tigers have stripes and universally quantified statements (UQS) such as All tigers have stripes was acquired in Spanish-speaking children of two different age groups (4/5-year-olds and 8/9-year-olds), and then compare these results with those of adults. The starting point of this research was the semantic distinction between GS and UQS in that the former admit exceptions, unlike the latter. On the other hand, several authors have observed a Generic overgeneralization effect (GOG) consisting in allowing for UQS to be felicitous in the face of exceptions, thus proposing that this “error” stems from GS being defaults (simpler, more easily learned and processed). In the current paper we aimed to test the “Generics as Default” (GaD) hypothesis by comparing GS and UQS in three different age ranges. Our data show that, overall, the accuracy of GS is greater than the accuracy of UQS. Moreover, we also confirm a hypothesized interaction between age and NP type (GS vs UQS). Further, we present several data points that are not predicted by the GaD, including an observed decline in the accuracy of GS in the older group of children as well as in adults, and that children fail at rejecting statements that are not considered to be true generalizations.